Search Results (575)

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) continues to be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. While percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) have significantly evolved, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has retained a role in emergency revascularization. Nevertheless, ongoing debate persists about how to select candidates for surgery, when to operate, and which surgical techniques offer the greatest safety and efficacy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, yielding 2302 records, of which 25 studies met predefined screening criteria and were included for detailed analysis. Given that timing remains one of the most controversial issues in the management of ACS, our primary aim was to determine the optimal timing for CABG in this patient population. Additionally, we examined how preoperative antiplatelet therapy and the presence of cardiogenic shock influence clinical outcomes, and what revascularization strategy may be most appropriate for these patients. Results: Of the 2302 initially identified studies, 25 were selected for a detailed analysis, supplemented by 28 additional key references. Among the included studies, 17 focused primarily on the effects of surgical timing and 8 on comparisons between the outcomes of CABG and PCI. The analysis comprised 15 database or multicentre retrospective cohort studies, 8 single-centre retrospective studies, and 2 prospective investigations. Conclusion and limitations: Although the topic of non-elective coronary surgery has been with us for several decades, a number of inherent biases hinder thorough statistical investigation in this complex population. Although a number of contradictory findings hinder drawing simple conclusions, being reluctant to perform early surgery solely based on poorer unfiltered outcomes might miss a point. Full article

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition with varying severity, ranging from mild self-limiting episodes to life-threatening complications. The incidence, clinical presentation, and outcomes of AP differ significantly across age groups, with elderly patients demonstrating distinct challenges. Biliary pancreatitis is more prevalent in older adults, whereas alcohol-induced AP dominates in younger populations. Elderly patients frequently present with atypical or less pronounced abdominal symptoms, which may delay diagnosis. Comorbidities such as kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are significantly more common in the elderly and are associated with increased risk of organ dysfunction, systemic complications such as organ failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and prolonged hospitalization. The higher incidence of intensive care unit admissions and mortality is noted in the elderly, particularly in those over 80 years, in particular. Evidence on age-related differences in local pancreatic complications is inconsistent, with a possible trend toward lower rates in older adults. Early identification and individualized treatment planning are essential. Abundant fluid administration should be limited in older patients due to frequent cardiac insufficiency but should be carefully monitored due to the present or threatening renal insufficiency. Pain control with opioids may cause severe CNS complications for elderly patients. In contrast, ERCP, when indicated, is usually well tolerated in older patients. Personalized management in elderly patients is strongly recommended. Full article

Background and Clinical significance: Cowden syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. It is characterized by multiple hamartomas and an increased lifetime risk of malignancies affecting the breast, thyroid, endometrium, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Pediatric presentations may include macrocephaly, scrotal tongue, and intellectual disability. Gastrointestinal involvement is frequent, with juvenile-like hamartomatous polyps occurring in at least half of patients and distributed throughout the GI tract, posing a risk for malignant transformation. Early diagnosis and surveillance are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 10-year-old Caucasian female with Cowden syndrome, with a history of a malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary consisting of a yolk sac tumor and low-grade immature teratoma diagnosed at age six, and thyroidectomy at age nine. The patient has mild intellectual disability. Routine radiological surveillance revealed a right colon intraluminal mass, prompting referral for pediatric gastroenterology evaluation. Endoscopy identified multiple polyps throughout the colon, stomach, and small intestine. Polypectomy of larger lesions was performed, and histopathology confirmed juvenile-like hamartomatous polyps without dysplasia or malignancy. This case highlights the necessity of comprehensive gastrointestinal evaluation in pediatric Cowden syndrome patients. Endoscopic surveillance is essential for early detection and management of polyps. Conclusions: Given the multisystem involvement and elevated cancer risk associated with PTEN mutations, a multidisciplinary approach that includes genetic counseling, dermatologic evaluation, and ongoing oncologic monitoring is recommended. Increased awareness of gastrointestinal manifestations enables timely intervention and may reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population. Full article

Background: The Remnant Cholesterol Inflammatory index (RCII) has been proposed as a marker of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. However, its associations with incident stroke, incident heart disease, and all-cause mortality among individuals with cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 0–3 remain uncertain. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The remnant cholesterol inflammatory index (RCII) was calculated as [RC (mg/dL) × hs-CRP (mg/L)]/10. Outcomes included incident stroke, incident heart disease, and all-cause mortality. Covariates were prespecified based on established risk factors. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to evaluate associations between RCII and each outcome. Long-term RCII patterns were identified using k-means clustering. Robustness was assessed using subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Results: The final study involved 6994 participants in the stroke and heart disease cohort and 7245 participants in the all-cause mortality cohort, all within CKM syndrome stages 0–3. Higher baseline RCII was associated with increased risks of stroke (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.14–2.12) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.37–2.04) compared with the lowest quantile. Cumulative RCII showed a stronger association with all-cause mortality (HR for Q3 = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.54–3.11). RCS analysis suggested a J-shaped, non-linear association between cumulative RCII and all-cause mortality. (p for non-linearity < 0.05). K-means clustering further indicated that, relative to the reference group, cluster 2 (high-to-higher) had the highest risk of incident heart disease, whereas cluster 3 (high-to-moderate) had the highest risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Higher RCII levels were associated with higher risks of stroke, heart disease, and all-cause mortality among individuals with CKM stages 0–3. RCII may serve as a promising biomarker for early risk stratification in clinic and prevention efforts in this population. Full article

Sepsis remains a leading cause of global mortality, and early management in the emergency department (ED) is a key determinant of clinical outcomes. Among the earliest physiological derangements in sepsis are abnormalities in coagulation, which represent not merely laboratory disturbances but fundamental reflections of dysregulated host response, endothelial injury, and evolving microvascular thrombosis. Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) form a dynamic continuum that frequently begins before shock is clinically apparent. Despite their prognostic value and pathophysiologic significance, these abnormalities are often underrecognized in the ED, where coagulation tests are still commonly interpreted through the narrow lens of bleeding risk rather than as markers of systemic thromboinflammation. This narrative review synthesizes current understanding of the mechanisms linking sepsis, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation abnormalities; outlines the distinction between SIC and overt DIC; and highlights why early identification of coagulopathy in the ED is essential. We discuss practical bedside approaches, including recommended laboratory testing, pattern recognition, and application of validated scores such as the SIC and ISTH DIC criteria. System-level strategies, such as embedding coagulation testing into sepsis bundles, automating score calculation, and enhancing communication between the ED and ICU teams, are explored as avenues to improve early detection. Evidence suggests that ED recognition of SIC/DIC may refine risk stratification, guide triage decisions, and identify patients who may benefit from targeted anticoagulant strategies once stabilized. Ultimately, recognizing coagulation disorders in the ED reframes sepsis not solely as a hemodynamic crisis but as a complex, thromboinflammatory syndrome in which early intervention may alter trajectory and improve outcomes. Full article

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as an important new class drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) over the last few years. Currently, BsAbs are only licensed for use as monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory MM who have had at least three prior lines of treatment and are triple class-exposed (patients who have received an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, an immunodulatory drug, and a proteasome inhibitor). However, their use in earlier lines, including in the upfront setting, is being explored in multiple ongoing clinical trials with promising early results. The BsAbs have specific toxicities, including a high rate of low-grade cytokine release syndrome and, less commonly, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. These immune-related toxicities occur almost exclusively during the initiation phase of the BsAbs. This has led to frequent hospitalization of patients for the duration of the initial step-up dosing phase. Strategies that could facilitate outpatient step-up dosing, such as tocilizumab prophylaxis, will become even more critical if BsAbs move into earlier lines of treatment and are used in larger numbers of patients. Optimizing infection prophylaxis is critical for ensuring the safe delivery of BsAbs as infection is the leading cause of non-relapse mortality in patients being treated with BsAbs. Multiple strategies to minimize the infection risk, including antimicrobial prophylaxis, immunoglobulin replacement, vaccination and reduced dosing frequency, have been evaluated. The clinical data on the efficacy of these supportive measures are described in this review article alongside the available strategies for mitigating and managing CRS and ICANS. Full article

Background/Objectives: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is an unpredictable inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and significant mortality, particularly in severe forms. Early death is primarily linked to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Multi-Organ Failure (MOF). The objective of this study was to identify objective clinical and laboratory predictors of early and one-year mortality in AP patients and to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of commonly used severity scoring systems. Methods: This prospective, observational study enrolled 50 adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at the University Hospital Center Bežaniska Kosa. Patients with chronic pancreatitis, trauma-induced AP, or late presentation were excluded. Severity scores (APACHE II, BISAP, Ranson, Pancreas) and biomarkers (C-reactive protein, Procalcitonin) were collected at admission (0 h) and dynamically at 48 h, 72 h and day 7. Endpoints were early (in-hospital) and one-year mortality. Results: Overall mortality was 16% (n = 8). Mortality was significantly associated with sepsis/septic shock (p < 0.001), severe AP (p = 0.001), prolonged mechanical ventilation, and ICU stay. At admission, APACHE II (AUROC 0.813) and BISAP (AUROC 0.807) showed good accuracy. Reassessment at 48 h markedly improved prediction: APACHE II achieved excellent value (AUROC 0.917), and the Ranson score became a strong predictor (p < 0.001). Procalcitonin (PCT) was identified as a significant and superior predictor of mortality from 48 h onwards (p < 0.001), outperforming CRP. One-year survival was significantly shorter among patients with sepsis, septic shock, severe AP, and prolonged ICU stay. Conclusions: Dynamic assessment using clinical scoring systems, particularly APACHE II and BISAP within the first 48 h, provides reliable mortality prediction in acute pancreatitis. The presence of sepsis, severe disease, and the need for prolonged organ support are key mortality determinants. Serial PCT monitoring offers sensitive, incremental value for risk stratification and guiding intensive care decisions in both short- and long-term outcomes. Full article

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) represents a critical pathology often necessitating prolonged mechanical ventilation, a clinical course associated with significant complications and elevated mortality. This case report details the successful implementation of early Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy (PDT) in a 61-year-old male presenting with severe ARDS secondary to sepsis-induced Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and Type I respiratory failure. This case suggests that early PDT serves as a safe and effective strategy to mitigate the risks associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with severe ARDS, potentially facilitating enhanced recovery and reduced ICU length of stay. Full article

Background and Objectives: Hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is life-threatening, often complicated by leukostasis, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), with very high early mortality. Leukapheresis (LA) can rapidly reduce circulating blast burden, but its effect on survival and prognostic relevance of disease markers remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 74 adult AML patients with WBC > 100 × 10⁹/L treated at the University Clinical Center of Serbia between 2014 and 2024: 28 received LA plus cytoreduction (LA group), and 46 received cytoreduction alone (non-LA group). We evaluated 15-, 30-, and 90-day mortality and overall survival (OS), and assessed clinical, laboratory, and immunophenotypic predictors using Cox regression, with separate subgroup analyses. Results: Patients in the LA group had significantly higher baseline leukocyte counts and LDH (p = 0.18 and p = 0.024, respectively). Although LA resulted in a median 34% reduction in WBC, there was no statistically significant difference in early mortality: 15-day survival was 68% vs. 76% (HR 0.70, p = 0.423), 30-day survival 50% vs. 65% (HR 0.62, p = 0.197), and 90-day survival 39.3% vs. 41.3% (HR 0.85, p = 0.604). Median OS was similarly poor, about 1 month in the LA group compared to 2 months in the non-LA (HR 0.73). Across all patients, ECOG PS ≥2, elevated LDH, TLS, and DIC were the strongest indicators of early death. In the LA group, elevated LDH and increased peripheral blood (PB) monocyte count predicted 15-day mortality (p = 0.021 and p = 0.031, respectively), but lost significance by day 90. In non-LA patients, CD25 positivity (p = 0.034) and DIC (p = 0.045) predicted 15-day death. By day 90, CD25 expression (p = 0.048) remained prognostic, while PB blast percentage (p = 0.045) and PB monocyte count (p = 0.017) emerged as additional adverse prognostic predictors in the non-LA group. In multivariate analysis, higher PB blast percentage, CD25 positivity, and ECOG PS ≥ 2 independently predicted poorer OS. Conclusions: Although LA did not reduce early mortality in the entire cohort, the loss of prognostic significance of elevated LDH, high PB blast percentage, PB monocyte burden, and CD25 expression in the LA group may suggest that the intervention can attenuate the impact of biologically aggressive disease. Full article

Background: This study aimed to assess the efficacy, optimal dosing, and timing of colchicine therapy in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), its impact on inflammatory markers, and safety concerns in patients following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify RCTs comparing colchicine versus placebo or standard treatment in ACS patients. The primary outcome was MACE and secondary outcomes included all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal MI, stroke, revascularization, heart failure, CRP/hs-CRP changes, and adverse effects. Fifteen RCTs involving 19,131 patients were analyzed. Results: The benefit of colchicine in reducing MACE risk was marginally significant (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.99, p = 0.04, I² = 59%). No significant reduction was observed for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, other cardiovascular outcomes, early initiation of colchicine (≤3 days), or choice of dosage (≤0.5 mg/day vs. >0.5 mg/day). The findings pertaining to the delayed time-to-initiation (>3 days) and changes in CRP or hs-CRP levels were inconclusive. Gastrointestinal side effects, especially diarrhea (RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.16–2.66, p = 0.001), were most common. No increase in hematologic events or infections was observed. Conclusions: Colchicine potentially reduces MACE in ACS patients, without evidence of benefit in improving all-cause mortality or other cardiovascular outcomes. Gastrointestinal intolerance is the most common side effect. This result is consistent with current clinical guidelines: a Class IIb recommendation for colchicine use in ACS. There is a need for further high-quality trials to refine patient selection and optimize treatment regimens. Full article

Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome (CKMS) represents the intricate interconnection of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders, with systemic inflammation now recognized as a key driver of both pathogenesis and prognosis. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with CKMS. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted to identify studies published between 1 January 2024 and 30 June 2025, following the recognition of CKMS as a distinct syndrome in December 2023. Eligible studies included adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with CKMS, that assesses one or more inflammatory markers and reported prognostic outcomes such as mortality or disease progression. Data extracted included study characteristics, biomarker types, outcome measures, and key findings. In addition to longitudinal cohorts, we included a small number of cross-sectional studies and treated them as association (non-prognostic) evidence analyzed in a separate stream from prognostic cohorts. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool. Due to considerable variability in prognostic outcomes, follow-up durations, and inflammatory indices, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Instead, a narrative synthesis was undertaken to summarize the evidence, identify consistent associations, and emphasize the need for standardized approaches and biomarker validation in future CKMS research. Analysis was conducted in line with the SWiM guidelines. Thirteen studies (n = 13) comprising 282,016 participants (100,590 males; 97,295 females) were included from 1404 initial records. Five of the studies were cross-sectional, providing information on associations rather than prognostic outcomes. Most were large-scale cohort studies conducted in the USA and China. Frequently assessed biomarkers included systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (hs-CRP/HDL-C), dietary inflammatory index (DII), and triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index. Elevated levels of these biomarkers were consistently associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, CKMS progression, and adverse metabolic outcomes. This review highlights systemic inflammation as a critical and associated marker of CKMS prognosis. Inflammatory biomarkers may assist in hypothesis generation, but clinical utility remains to be established pending standardized adjustment and external validation. Because CKMS has only recently been operationalized, we limited inclusion to studies published from 1 January 2024 onward, enhancing definitional comparability but narrowing the evidence base and potentially emphasizing early-adopter regions (predominantly the U.S. and China). Accordingly, these findings should be interpreted as early signals that require replication in diverse settings and confirmation through longitudinal and interventional studies to inform integrative CKMS management strategies. Across observational studies, the certainty of evidence is low to moderate due to indirectness and imprecision; findings should be treated as associational signals pending external validation. Full article

Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at substantially increased risk for respiratory infections, which occur more frequently and with greater severity than in healthy peers. This heightened vulnerability stems from multifactorial immune impairment, including defects in innate and adaptive immunity, chronic inflammation related to abnormal hemodynamics and hypoxia, reduced thymic function, and genetic syndromes affecting both cardiac and immune development. Viral pathogens—particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, and SARS-CoV-2—account for most infections, although bacterial pathogens remain relevant, especially in postoperative settings. Methods: This narrative review summarizes current evidence on infection susceptibility in children with CHD, the epidemiology and clinical relevance of major respiratory pathogens, and the effectiveness of available preventive measures. Literature evaluating immunological mechanisms, infection burden, vaccine effectiveness, and passive immunization strategies was examined, along with existing national and international immunization guidelines. Results: Children with CHD consistently exhibit higher rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality following respiratory infections. RSV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 infections are particularly severe in this population, while bacterial infections, though less common, contribute substantially to postoperative morbidity. Preventive options—including routine childhood vaccines, pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, influenza vaccines, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and RSV monoclonal antibodies—demonstrate strong protective effects. New long-acting RSV monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccination markedly enhance prevention in early infancy. However, vaccine coverage remains insufficient due to parental hesitancy, provider uncertainty, delayed immunization, and limited CHD-specific evidence. Conclusions: Respiratory infections pose a significant and preventable health burden in children with CHD. Enhancing the use of both active and passive immunization is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Strengthening evidence-based guidelines, improving coordination between specialists and primary care providers, integrating immunization checks into routine CHD management, and providing clear, condition-specific counseling to families can substantially improve vaccine uptake and clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population. Full article

Background: Midaortic Syndrome (MAS) is a rare vascular condition characterized by segmental narrowing of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, often involving ostial narrowing of the renal or visceral arteries. While open surgical repair has been the standard treatment, it carries significant morbidity, especially in high-risk patients. Endovascular techniques, including the Chimney approach, provide a minimally invasive alternative to preserve and reestablish both aortic and branch vessel perfusion. This study evaluates the feasibility, safety, and early and midterm outcomes of the Chimney technique used in a cohort of patients with MAS. Methods: Between 2019 and 2025, 9 patients with MAS and branch vessel involvement underwent endovascular repair using the Chimney technique at Brüderklinikum Julia Lanz Hospital in the Mannheim Teaching Hospital of Heidelberg University. Pre-procedural planning was based on computed tomography angiography. Technical success, peri-procedural complications, changes in blood pressure, renal function, and target-vessel stent patency were monitored. Patients were followed over a median of 3 years (range, 0.08–6 years). Results: Nine patients (mean age 77.2 ± 8.7 years; 66.6% female) underwent endovascular repair for midaortic syndrome. All patients were unfit for open surgery. Comorbidities included hypertension (100%), coronary artery disease (100%), and chronic kidney disease (77.7%). Technical success and target-vessel patency were 100%, with no intraoperative deaths, impairment of renal function, or 30-day mortality. One patient (11.1%) developed an access-site hematoma, which was managed conservatively. Median hospital stay was 6 days. During a median 3-year follow-up (range 1 month–6 years), all chimney stents remained patent, patients experienced durable symptom relief, blood pressure improvement, and freedom from reintervention. Conclusions: The Chimney technique offers a safe and effective endovascular option for high-risk patients with Midaortic Syndrome, achieving high technical success, preserved branch-vessel patency, and improvement of symptoms. Larger studies with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm durability and optimize patient selection for this technique. Full article

Background: The GRACE score is widely used to estimate early mortality in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), yet its ability to capture the complex interaction between inflammation, hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, and myocardial injury remains limited. Integrating biomarkers that reflect these complementary physiological pathways may enhance risk prediction and allow earlier identification of high-risk patients. This study evaluated whether a multi-biomarker model incorporating the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), the albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score, and the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio provides incremental prognostic value beyond the GRACE score and traditional cardiac markers. Methods: This retrospective study included patients hospitalized with ACS. Baseline laboratory results were used to calculate CAR, ALBI, and BUN/Cr ratios. Troponin and hemoglobin values were recorded as standard cardiac and hematologic indicators. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression models, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and comparisons of area under the curve (AUC) were performed to determine whether the multi-biomarker model improved risk stratification beyond the GRACE score alone. Results: Higher CAR, ALBI, and BUN/Cr values were each associated with increased in-hospital mortality. When combined with the GRACE score, the multi-biomarker model significantly improved predictive accuracy. The integrated model demonstrated a higher AUC compared with GRACE alone, indicating incremental prognostic value across inflammatory, hepatic, and renal pathways. Conclusions: A multi-biomarker strategy combining CAR, ALBI, and BUN/Cr ratios enhances early mortality prediction beyond the GRACE score in patients with ACS. Incorporating these readily available laboratory indices may help clinicians identify high-risk patients more precisely at the time of hospital admission. Full article

Introduction: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) and Steven–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) are rare yet dangerous dermatological emergencies presenting as necrosis of the skin and mucous membranes due to an immune reaction which may be associated with the use of pharmaceuticals—predominantly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, and antiretroviral drugs. During the postpartum period, women are administered numerous pharmaceuticals, including NSAIDs, analgesics, and antibiotics, due to pain and their susceptibility to infections, exposing them to potential adverse effects including allergies and immune reactions. Case Report and Review: The case reported here is a rare description of a patient in the early postpartum phase who presented with epidermal necrolysis whilst remaining hospitalized after a cesarean delivery. The multidisciplinary approach, early diagnosis, and treatment ensured the patient’s full recovery. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment resulted in a rapid therapeutic effect. This literature review offers an insight into the epidemiology, diagnostic process, and treatment of this infrequent dermatological syndrome during the postpartum period. Results: Antibiotic treatment is a common culprit of TEN in this population; hence, clinicians should remain vigilant during antibiotic administration. Differential diagnosis with toxic shock syndrome is crucial, as TEN and SJS symptoms may mimic sepsis, which is a more common diagnosis in the postpartum period. Conclusions: The condition of the skin during the postpartum period should be closely monitored, as some systemic diseases may manifest abruptly as profound, postpartum hormonal changes affect the immunological response. Upon the discovery of suspicious skin lesions concomitant with systemic symptoms, an immediate multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians and dermatologists is key to a rapid diagnosis and treatment to avoid maternal mortality. Full article