Search Results (14,180)

Vanadium slag is an important secondary vanadium resource. Although microwave-assisted calcification roasting improves the leachability of vanadium-bearing phases, further extraction can still be limited during acid leaching, making optimization of the leaching process essential for efficient vanadium recovery. Using this slag, leaching was evaluated at different temperatures, times, liquid-to-solid ratios (L/S), sulfuric acid concentrations, and agitation speeds. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize leaching parameters within the selected ranges. Residue phase composition and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Leaching efficiency increased with temperature, L/S, and acid concentration, but plateaued above 60 °C, 6 mL·g⁻¹, and 14 wt.%, respectively; increases beyond 50 min or 200 rpm gave marginal improvements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the BBD model ranked the statistical effects of the four linear terms within the investigated BBD range as sulfuric acid concentration > L/S > leaching time > temperature. Within the selected BBD parameter ranges, optimization yielded 64.95 °C, 55.21 min, 6.56 mL·g⁻¹, and 15.17 wt.% sulfuric acid, with agitation fixed at 200 rpm. Validation gave an average leaching efficiency of 92.92%, with a relative error of 0.205% compared with the model prediction. After leaching, Mn₂V₂O₇ was undetected. The residue mainly contained irregular particles, 10–30 μm acicular or plate-like CaSO₄·2H₂O crystals, and minor residual vanadium-bearing CrVO₃ and CaVH₂Si₄O₁₂ phases. Surface CaSO₄·2H₂O deposition and refractory-phase encapsulation of vanadium-bearing constituents increased mass-transfer resistance and limited further leaching. This study clarified the relative effects of the investigated leaching conditions on vanadium leaching efficiency within the design range and the interactions among these conditions, and provided microstructural evidence related to the factors limiting further vanadium leaching, thereby providing theoretical guidance for the efficient extraction of vanadium from vanadium slag. Full article

Aberrant cell-surface sialylation is widely associated with cancer progression and provides an accessible molecular feature for biosensing and targeted delivery. However, engineering molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) that combine selective sialic acid (SA) recognition with controlled degradability and cytocompatibility remains challenging. In this study, a simulation-guided strategy was used to develop hydrolytically degradable SA-imprinted nanoMIPs incorporating a functionalized lactose-based crosslinker with cleavable ester linkages. Molecular docking and quantum-chemical calculations identified N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), acrylamide (AAm), and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) as complementary functional monomers and established an optimized SA:NIPAM:AAm:HEAA molar ratio of 1:1:2:1. The resulting nanoMIPs were spherical and nanoscale and exhibited pH-dependent hydrolytic mass loss that was more pronounced under mildly acidic conditions than at physiological pH. Compared with non-imprinted nanoparticles, the nanoMIPs displayed substantially enhanced SA binding, with a maximum binding capacity of 89.38 μmol g⁻¹ and an imprinting factor of approximately 4.2, together with preferential recognition of SA over the selected competing molecules. MTT assays using MCF-7, HeLa, and HaCaT cells showed cell viability above 80% after 24 h exposure to 500 μg mL⁻¹, indicating favorable short-term cytocompatibility. By integrating computationally optimized, multicomponent SA recognition with a carbohydrate-derived, hydrolytically degradable crosslinking strategy, this work addresses the coupled requirements of binding-site fidelity and material degradability within a single nanoMIP platform. These findings establish a materials-level foundation for future SA-directed biosensing and targeted delivery systems in cancer-relevant applications. Full article

Background/Objectives: L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been implicated in colorectal cancer progression, but its cellular source and immune microenvironmental context remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to characterize the expression pattern, cellular localization and immune-associated features of L1CAM in colorectal cancer using public bulk and single-cell datasets. Methods: TCGA, GTEx and CPTAC/UALCAN datasets were used to assess L1CAM expression, protein abundance and clinical associations across cancers, with a focus on colorectal cancer. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from GSE178341 were analyzed to identify L1CAM-expressing cell populations, characterize transcriptional programs and evaluate sample-level associations with immune-cell composition and T/NK cytotoxicity signatures. Candidate ligand-receptor interactions and conceptual mod el-based sensitivity analyses were used to explore stromal-immune communication axes. Supplementary external single-cell datasets were analyzed exploratorily. Results: In colorectal cancer, L1CAM showed tumor-normal expression differences and was associated with progression-free interval, but not overall survival. Single-cell analysis detected L1CAM mainly in rare fibroblast and epithelial subsets rather than T/NK cells. L1CAM-positive fibroblasts showed neural-like, wound-response and matrix-remodeling transcriptional features. In the main cohort, L1CAM-Fib+ samples showed lower T/NK cytotoxicity transcriptional signatures, whereas supplementary external datasets did not reproduce the same direction of association. Candidate communication analyses nominated Galectin, HLA-E, TGFB and extracellular matrix-related axes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that L1CAM-positive fibroblast-associated stromal states provide a dataset-specific exploratory context for interpreting L1CAM-associated immune features in colorectal cancer. The results should be considered hypothesis-generating and require spatial and functional validation. Full article

In advanced manufacturing, designing multi-pulse composite driving waveforms for piezoelectric inkjet (PIJ) printing presents a constrained, high-dimensional, physical black-box optimization challenge. The feasible jetting region within the 12-dimensional parameter space is highly sparse; furthermore, traditional unconstrained optimization algorithms are prone to triggering nozzle flooding or actuator fatigue damage. To overcome this bottleneck, this paper proposes CA-TuRBO-m, a closed-loop collaborative architecture based on classifier-assisted multi-trust region Bayesian optimization. This architecture reconstructs the deposition morphology features on the substrate into a composite visual feedback source that implicitly incorporates fluid dynamics. Furthermore, it repurposes a Random Forest classifier into a dynamically iterating physical safety topological gating mechanism to actively intercept high-risk parameter combinations. Simultaneously, a multi-trust-region parallel exploration mechanism is introduced to balance global exploration and local exploitation. Experimental results demonstrate that over 200 online physical printing iterations, the proposed architecture reduces the number of invalid prints leading to system failures to an average of 3.8, achieving a high effective sampling rate of 98.1%. Without relying on complex fluid dynamic models, this approach enables precise morphological control over droplets of varying sizes and mitigates printing defects, successfully achieving multi-target adaptive regulation within a limited budget on a single physical platform. Full article

Desulfurization ash (DA) is a kind of industrial solid waste generated during flue gas desulfurization. To overcome the limited utilization of reactive calcium-bearing constituents and the insufficient mineralogical stability of DA, this study proposes a thermal CO₂ modification approach based on the synergistic coupling of oxidation and carbonation, and systematically investigates the associated evolution of mineral phases and microstructural features. The effects of reaction temperature, CO₂ flow rate, and reaction time are evaluated using TG-DSC, XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, particle size analysis, and carbon-sulfur analysis to elucidate the reaction behavior of DA under a CO₂ atmosphere. The results demonstrate that reaction temperature is the dominant factor governing the modification process. During heating, CaSO₃ is preferentially oxidized to CaSO₄ under the CO₂ atmosphere, thereby stabilizing the sulfur-bearing components. Subsequently, Ca(OH)₂ undergoes carbonation to form CaCO₃, simultaneously contributing to CO₂ sequestration. Under the optimized conditions of 450 °C, a CO₂ flow rate of 120 mL/min, and a reaction time of 60 min, the resulting CaCO₃ exhibits a pronounced needle-like CaCO₃ morphology, while the CO₂ uptake reaches a maximum of 16.71%. These findings clarify the coupled oxidation–carbonation mechanism and mineral transformation behavior of DA during thermal CO₂ modification, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for the low-carbon utilization of industrial solid wastes. Full article

Coastal humid-heat and photochemical-oxidant episodes are commonly studied through concentration estimation, leaving it unclear whether satellite observations improve warning decisions under explicit false-alarm constraints. This study introduces CoAST-EWS Japan, a six-station, validation-locked hindcast benchmark across Osaka Bay and Tokyo Bay. Models were developed using June–July 2023 data, calibrated and thresholded on August 2023 predictions, and retrospectively evaluated on June–August 2025 station-hour observations. The strong non-satellite route combines recent ground history, ERA5 meteorology, CAMS composition, and static station geometry. Adding previous-day MODIS thermal context to an otherwise identical XGBoost route increased average precision from 0.3153 to 0.3429, reduced the Brier score from 0.05032 to 0.04874, and improved recall/F1 under a validation-locked budget of 0.5 false alarms per station-day (FPDs) from 0.1864/0.2511 to 0.2402/0.3042. Japan-local calendar-day intervals supported the improvements in Brier score, recall, and F1. In a dimension-matched comparison using the same 18 MODIS variables, previous-day context increased average precision over the same-day route by 0.0378 (95% CI: 0.0144–0.0603), demonstrating that the timing advantage was not attributable to a larger satellite feature set. The MODIS increment was strongest during high-heat issue times and in Osaka Bay, and its ranking value was reproduced by a 36 h Temporal FLOW model. Matched spatial controls identified distance-based coastal context as the most stable 24 h graph component, while wind-aligned information operated as a complementary route. These results establish latency-aware MODIS thermal context as a measurable decision input for neighborhood-scale coastal compound warning. Strict station-level localization, cross-bay transfer, and forecast-consistent deployment define the next validation frontier. Full article

To investigate the synergistic effects and underlying mechanisms of nano-CaCO₃ (NCC) and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of concrete, this study systematically examines hybrid-modified concrete with varying additive contents. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical responses under quasi-static and high-strain-rate impact loadings. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the multi-scale synergistic enhancement mechanisms. The results indicate that hybrid modification significantly improves both static and dynamic performance. Specifically, the optimal hybrid proportion was identified as 1.5% NCC and 1.5 kg/m³ PPF. Under static conditions, this combined addition effectively increases compressive strength by 51.56% and enhances splitting tensile strength while also substantially improving material toughness. Under dynamic impact conditions, dynamic compressive strength is notably elevated by 62.47%, demonstrating a pronounced strain-rate strengthening effect. Microstructural analyses confirm the presence of a nano-densification and macro-crack bridging mechanism, wherein NCC chemically accelerates hydration and optimizes the cementitious matrix, thereby strengthening the fiber-matrix interfacial transition zone (ITZ). This robust ITZ maximizes the physical crack-bridging and energy dissipation capacities of the PPF network. Ultimately, this study provides critical experimental evidence and theoretical guidance for designing high-performance, impact-resistant concrete composites. Full article

Boron (B) toxicity severely restricts Citrus growth and productivity in high-B soil and irrigation water environments. Although exogenous Zinc (Zn) has been reported to mitigate B toxicity in plants, the underlying physiological regulation mechanisms—particularly in Citrus—remain incompletely understood. In this study, seedlings of two Citrus species differing markedly in B tolerance—Citrus sinensis (sweet orange, B-tolerant) and C. grandis (sour pomelo, B-sensitive)—were subjected to three boric acid treatments (10, 200, and 400 μM) and five ZnSO₄ treatments (0.002, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.25 mM) in a fully factorial design over 15 weeks. Comprehensive physiological assessments—including growth parameters, photosynthetic performance, mineral-nutrient profiling (in leaves and roots), and antioxidant enzyme activity—were conducted to decipher the mechanistic basis of Zn-mediated B detoxification. Results showed that 400 μM BA alone triggered severe B toxicity symptoms in the older leaves of C. grandis, whereas 0.25 mM Zn independently led to chlorosis symptoms similar to Fe deficiency in the apical leaves of both Citrus species. Either B or Zn toxicity affected photosynthesis in matured leaves. Exogenous Zn at 0.05–0.20 mM alleviated B toxicity symptoms in B-sensitive C. grandis, yet consistent alleviation of Zn toxicity by excess B was not observed across all measured variables. Severe B toxicity caused a significant reduction in Fe, N, P and Ca contents and a significant increase in Cu and Mn contents in C. grandis roots, yet it only led to a significant reduction in Mn, N, P and Ca contents in C. grandis leaves. Unlike this, B toxic treatments in C. sinensis resulted in a significant reduction in merely Fe content and a significant increase in Cu, Mn, N and K contents in roots, and a significant reduction in Mn and Ca contents in the leaves. Under basal B supply, 0.05–0.20 mM Zn supplementation dose-dependently increased root Zn, Cu and Mn contents as well as leaf Zn and Cu contents in both Citrus species, but concurrently decreased root Fe content and leaf Fe and Ca contents—additionally, in C. grandis, leaf N, P, K and Mg contents were further reduced. Regarding antioxidant responses in C. grandis, B toxicity significantly suppressed leaf CAT activity while enhancing APX and GPX activities. Under B toxicity conditions, 0.2 mM Zn supplement significantly restored CAT activity and suppressed APX and GPX activities. These antioxidant modulations were highly dependent on species identity and treatment combination, and were markedly more pronounced in B-sensitive C. grandis. Collectively, this work clarifies the physiological interplay between Zn and B in Citrus, uncovers divergent adaptive strategies employed by contrasting citrus species under combined B–Zn stress, and provides a mechanistic foundation for optimizing exogenous Zn application to mitigate B toxicity in citrus production. Full article

Background/Objectives: Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) can be an early manifestation of systemic amyloidosis, particularly transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). The primary purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe the presence of amyloid deposits in tenosynovial tissue and explore potential cardiac involvement in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release surgery. Methods: From a cohort of 54 patients diagnosed with bilateral idiopathic CTS with surgical indication, 12 patients were selected for tenosynovial tissue samples, which were subsequently evaluated using Congo red staining and proteomic confirmation via mass spectrometry. Before the procedure, patients underwent a clinical assessment of medical history, electrocardiogram, and cardiac scintigraphy with Technetium-99 m 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (^99mTc-DPD). Transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance were subsequently performed in all patients with positive scintigraphy, while a subset of scintigraphy-negative patients underwent an echocardiogram. Results: Congo red staining identified amyloid deposits in 3 of the 12 patients (25%). Proteomic analysis confirmed ATTR amyloidosis deposits in 2 of these patients (17%). One of these 2 patients presented Perugini grade 3 uptake on cardiac scintigraphy, suspicious for ATTR-CA. Complete concordance across histology, proteomics, and cardiac imaging was observed in only 1 patient (8.3%). Three discordances were noted: one case of tenosynovial ATTR without evident cardiac disease, one patient with a discordant Congo red result likely reflecting low amyloid burden or tissue heterogeneity, and one with imaging findings suspicious for ATTR-CA despite a negative tenosynovial biopsy. Conclusions: Tenosynovial biopsy obtained during CTS surgery can reveal early amyloid deposition, which may precede overt cardiac involvement. The variability observed across findings underscores the need for a multimodal diagnostic approach that integrates histological, proteomic, and imaging data, thereby mitigating the risk of amyloidosis misclassification. Full article

Mine leachate and saline industrial wastewater streams are often treated as liabilities to be remediated or disposed of. These flows often contain substantial water and dissolved mineral resources that can be reclaimed. In this work, a waste-heat-assisted falling-film evaporation reactor was developed and assessed for application as a pre-concentration step before water and mineral recovery processes. Two case studies were considered: synthetic saline wastewater containing 80 g/L Na₂SO₄ and 70 g/L NaCl for salt recovery, and iron-rich mine water containing approximately 4000 mg/L Fe²⁺, 95 mg/L Fe³⁺, and 13,000 mg/L acidity as CaCO₃ for downstream pigment and magnetite recovery. Saline water or mine leachate flows down a bank of vertical conduit pipes as a thin film while air flows through the pipe cores. Heat is transferred to the system from industrial waste gas externally. Psychrometric relationships, heat transfer, energy balances, and techno-economic analysis were used to assess the impact of air temperature, conduit diameter, column height, pipe material, and waste-gas temperature on overall reactor performance. Experiments were carried out to confirm expected psychrometric operation and establish appropriate operating temperatures while confirming the impact of conduit geometry on heat-transfer characteristics. A benchmark case of design evaporation rate equal to 100 L/h was chosen for comparison of all tests. Dry air operation was shown to be technically possible but severely limited by the moisture capacity of air; at 26 °C and 101.3 kPa, approximately 205,000 m³/h of air was required. When using industrial waste heat, the operation changed from psychrometric/mass-transfer-limited to heat-transfer-controlled. Using waste gas entering at 144 °C and exiting at 80 °C reduced airflow requirements to approximately 880 m³/h, allowing a much more compact reactor design with approximately 635 (12 mm diameter) conduit pipes. Relative to the 40 °C air benchmark, electrical power was reduced from approximately 24.7 kW to 2.9 kW, and screening-level reactor cost by ~84%. Findings demonstrated that appropriate waste heat enables the application of evaporation if there is sufficient local heat flux. Smaller conduit diameters, sufficient column height, and greater waste-gas inlet temperatures were all beneficial. Choice of material required trade-offs between heat-transfer coefficient, corrosion, and material cost. Full article

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of ethanol-digested calcium oxide (CaO-E) as a novel dechlorination sorbent for the efficient removal of hydrogen chloride (HCl) from coal-fired flue gas and further evaluate its influence on mercury speciation and transformation in flue gas, thereby addressing the low efficiency and limited multi-pollutant control capability of conventional dry dechlorination technologies. Based on a laboratory-scale injection reaction system, ethanol-digested calcium-based sorbents were injected into simulated coal-fired flue gas to systematically examine the effects of key factors, including Ca/Cl molar ratio, SO₂, and fly ash, on dechlorination efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were further employed to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. Meanwhile, mercury-laden flue gas was introduced to investigate the removal characteristics of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) and oxidized mercury (Hg²⁺) by CaO-E. The experimental results demonstrated that ethanol-digested CaO exhibited significantly superior performance compared with untreated samples, and the formation of a porous calcium hydroxide structure was identified as the key factor responsible for its high dechlorination efficiency. When the Ca/Cl molar ratio reached 4.0, the dechlorination efficiency could be stably maintained above 80%. SO₂ showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on the dechlorination process, whereas fly ash exhibited a slight promoting effect. Mercury removal experiments revealed that CaO-E had limited removal capability toward Hg⁰ but effectively reduced the concentration of Hg²⁺. Specifically, when the Ca/Cl molar ratios were 3 and 5, the Hg²⁺ concentrations decreased to 1.4 and 0.6 μg/m³, respectively. This behavior can be attributed to the fact that Hg²⁺ mainly exists in chlorinated forms such as HgCl₂, which possess strong polarity and can be readily adsorbed by the alkaline active sites on the CaO-E surface. In addition, as the dechlorination process proceeded, chlorine-containing species in the flue gas were gradually consumed, suppressing the oxidation conversion of Hg⁰ to Hg²⁺ and thereby further reducing the Hg²⁺ concentration. Theoretical calculations indicated that both HCl and SO₂ could undergo chemisorption on calcium active sites, while HCl possessed a lower reaction energy barrier and therefore dominated the competitive adsorption process, exhibiting preferential reactivity. Overall, ethanol-digested calcium oxide not only demonstrates excellent HCl removal performance, but also shows the capability to regulate mercury speciation in flue gas to a certain extent, providing both theoretical insights and technical support for the synergistic control of multiple pollutants in coal-fired flue gas. Full article

Organic–inorganic hybrid crystalline materials formed in multicomponent aqueous systems are of interest because their phase behavior and physicochemical properties can be controlled by composition and crystallization conditions. In this study, the phase equilibria and crystallization behavior of the ternary aqueous Ca(ClO₃)₂·2CO(NH₂)₂–CH₂ClCOOH·(C₂H₄OH)₃N–H₂O system were investigated over the temperature range of −24 to 60 °C using the visual-polythermal method. Experimental data obtained for the two boundary binary subsystems and eight internal sections were used to construct the polythermal phase diagram. The diagram revealed distinct crystallization fields corresponding to ice, Ca(ClO₃)₂·2CO(NH₂)₂·2H₂O, CH₂ClCOOH·(C₂H₄OH)₃N, and a separate crystallization region associated with a previously unreported crystalline phase with the proposed composition ClCH₂COOH·Ca(ClO₃)₂·(C₂H₄OH)₃N. The solid phase was isolated from its crystallization region, washed with cold distilled water, dried to constant mass, and characterized by complementary Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), thermogravimetric analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DTG–DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The experimentally determined Ca²⁺ and ClO₃⁻ contents were reasonably consistent with the proposed composition, while FT-IR spectroscopy revealed characteristic chlorate vibrations and changes in the vibrational environment of the organic component. SEM showed predominantly prismatic and plate-like crystalline morphologies, and EDS confirmed the presence of Ca, Cl, O, C, and N. Thermal analysis demonstrated multistage decomposition, with comparatively good thermal stability below approximately 150 °C. PXRD revealed a diffraction fingerprint distinct from those of the starting components and the corresponding physical mixture. Preliminary indexing of 19 principal reflections was consistent with a tetragonal candidate lattice with a = b = 7.7411(5) Å, c = 24.7182(10) Å, V = 1481.2(5) ų, and M₂₀ ≈ 23.0. The crystallographic analysis is considered preliminary because the diffraction profile was reconstructed from the available pattern and was not subjected to complete structure refinement. Overall, the combined phase-equilibrium, compositional, spectroscopic, morphological, thermal, and diffraction data support the isolation of a distinct organic–inorganic crystalline phase with the proposed composition. Full article

High-speed railway track–bridge systems (HSRTBSs) in near-fault high-seismicity regions face combined threats from pulse-type seismic excitations, vertical earthquake components and track defects, which may trigger structural damage and deterioration of track regularity. This paper establishes refined OpenSEES coupled numerical models for a typical 32 m simply supported girder bridge equipped with CRTS II slab ballastless track, considering both conventional spherical steel bearings and friction pendulum bearings (FPBs). Nonlinear time-history analyses are performed with near-fault pulse-like and far-field non-pulse ground motions to explore the influences of peak ground acceleration (PGA), vertical-to-horizontal acceleration ratio (αVH), and CA mortar void length. The results demonstrate hierarchical controlling effects of these parameters. PGA dominates the overall seismic response; sliding layer damage follows the sensitivity sequence PGA > αVH > CA mortar void, whereas post-earthquake traffic capacity degradation obeys PGA > CA mortar void > αVH. Near-fault pulse-like ground motions produce more severe structural damage compared with far-field inputs. FPB isolation yields a maximum pier-top seismic reduction ratio of 86.73% and effectively mitigates structural deformation, but cannot eliminate track irregularity originating from CA mortar void defects. Conditional on the 0.2 g seismic level and the given structural configuration adopted in this study, αVH = 0.65 and the 1.95 m critical CA mortar void length for longitudinal track constraint failure can serve as reference values, though they are not universally applicable for all track–bridge systems. This work provides insights for seismic design, CA mortar defect remediation and post-earthquake traffic assessment of near-fault isolated HSRTBSs. Full article

Drosophila melanogaster shares approximately 75% of human disease-related genes and possesses sophisticated genetic toolkits, including GAL4/UAS, CRISPR-Cas9, and RNA interference (RNAi), making it a rapid, cost-effective, and genetically tractable in vivo platform for natural products (NPs) discovery. This review systematically summarizes the modeling strategies, pathological mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of Drosophila models for six major human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, nephrolithiasis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Cross-disease analysis identifies five evolutionarily conserved signaling networks—IIS/PI3K/Akt/FOXO, JNK/JAK/STAT, Nrf2/Keap1, mTOR/TORC1, and IMD/Toll—as common molecular targets of bioactive NPs, providing a unified mechanistic framework for understanding their multi-target pharmacological activities and broad therapeutic potential. Critically, we propose a generalizable integrated stepwise pipeline: high-throughput fly screening of crude extracts, bioassay-guided isolation of active monomers, genetic mechanistic dissection via RNAi and mutant rescue, and layered validation in human cells and selective mammalian models. This pipeline addresses key challenges in NPs research, including the identification of bioactive constituents and mechanistic validation, while improving screening efficiency and translational potential. Overall, this review establishes a multi-disease-applicable framework linking disease modeling, conserved signaling mechanisms, and translational pharmacology, providing practical guidance for future mechanism-driven NP discovery and preclinical development using Drosophila. By leveraging Drosophila genetics to bridge evolutionary conservation and human pathology, this framework offers a powerful, paradigm-shifting strategy to accelerate mechanism-driven NP discovery and preclinical development. Full article

Roof-contact backfilling is a critical determinant of stope stability in cut-and-fill mining, and the rheological properties of backfill slurry decisively influence the quality of roof contact. To investigate the flow characteristics of unclassified tailings backfill slurry and their effect on rheological parameters, this study uses the Daye Iron Mine as its engineering case. It adopts a combined laboratory and numerical simulation approach. The physicochemical characteristics of the unclassified tailings and the rheological behavior of the slurry were systematically characterized using particle-size analysis, density measurements, spreadability tests, and rheometer measurements. Subsequently, a numerical model of the L-type flow tester was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics (6.4) to simulate the flow process at varying concentrations. Based on the simulation results, a Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based inversion model for rheological parameters was proposed, and the predictive performance of different kernel functions was compared and evaluated. Finally, the existing backfilling scheme at the Daye Iron Mine was optimized based on the obtained rheological characteristics to improve the roof-contact rate. The results indicate that the unclassified tailings from the Daye Iron Mine have a median particle size of 12.1 μm and a density of 2855 kg·m⁻³, with CaO, Al₂O₃, and MgO as the primary active components. Under the same cement-to-tailings ratio, slurry flowability decreases markedly with increasing concentration. The rheological curves exhibit three stages, with the third conforming to the Bingham model; both yield stress and viscosity increase exponentially with concentration. Evaluation of the inversion results demonstrates that the GPR model with the Rational Quadratic (RQ) kernel achieves optimal performance. The recommended slurry concentration for the Daye Iron Mine is determined to be in the range of 69–71%, and the recommended spacing between filling pipelines is 13.34–18 m. This study reveals the flow evolution patterns of unclassified tailings backfill slurry, demonstrates the potential of the GPR-based inversion approach, and optimizes the roof-contact backfilling scheme, offering a scientific reference for flow characterization and backfill optimization in analogous mining operations. Full article