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Search Results (6)

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Keywords = Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM)

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27 pages, 2327 KB  
Article
Experimental Study of Ambient Temperature Influence on Dimensional Measurement Using an Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine
by Vendula Samelova, Jana Pekarova, Frantisek Bradac, Jan Vetiska, Matej Samel and Robert Jankovych
Metrology 2025, 5(3), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology5030045 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 4087
Abstract
Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines are designed for in situ use directly in manufacturing environments, enabling efficient dimensional control outside of climate-controlled laboratories. This study investigates the influence of ambient temperature variation on the accuracy of length measurements performed with the Hexagon Absolute [...] Read more.
Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines are designed for in situ use directly in manufacturing environments, enabling efficient dimensional control outside of climate-controlled laboratories. This study investigates the influence of ambient temperature variation on the accuracy of length measurements performed with the Hexagon Absolute Arm 8312. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory setting simulating typical shop floor conditions through controlled temperature changes in the range of approximately 20–31 °C. A calibrated steel gauge block was used as a reference standard, allowing separation of the influence of the measuring system from that of the measured object. The results showed that the gauge block length changed in line with the expected thermal expansion, while the articulated arm coordinate measuring machine exhibited only a minor residual thermal drift and stable performance. The experiment also revealed a constant measurement offset of approximately 22 µm, likely due to calibration deviation. As part of the study, an uncertainty budget was developed, taking into account all relevant sources of influence and enabling a more realistic estimation of accuracy under operational conditions. The study confirms that modern carbon composite articulated arm coordinate measuring machines with integrated compensation can maintain stable measurement behavior even under fluctuating temperatures in controlled environments. Full article
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14 pages, 4976 KB  
Article
Error Analysis of a Coordinate Measuring Machine with a 6-DOF Industrial Robot Holding the Probe
by Yaowei Sun, Lei Lu, Fengzhou Wu, Songlu Xiao, Junjie Sha and Lei Zhang
Actuators 2023, 12(4), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12040173 - 16 Apr 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5115
Abstract
A complex surface measurement is important for quality control and manufacturing processes. Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMMs) are widely used in measuring the complex surface. However, the AACMMs that are currently used always require manual operation, which reduces efficiency and introduces operator [...] Read more.
A complex surface measurement is important for quality control and manufacturing processes. Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMMs) are widely used in measuring the complex surface. However, the AACMMs that are currently used always require manual operation, which reduces efficiency and introduces operator errors. This study presents a measuring device with a 6−DOF industrial robot holding a contact probe, which realizes the automation measurement of a complex surface and eliminates operator errors compared with the traditional measurement process of an AACMM. In order to explore the source of the measuring errors of the device, the influence of three measurement parameters (approaching velocity, contact angle, and measurement position) on the measurement error of the device is analyzed in this paper. A calibration ball measurement experiment is conducted for each parameter. The results show that the optimal approaching velocity of the measuring device is around 2 mm/s, the probe should be as perpendicular as possible to the surface being measured during the measurement, and the maximum measurement error at different positions is 0.1979 mm, with a maximum repeatability error of 0.0219 mm. This study will help improve the automation measuring errors of the AACMM by utilizing an industrial robot to hold the probe, pushing for a wider application of the AACMM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation, Intelligent Sensor and Precise Manipulation Technology in Human–Robot Interaction)
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12 pages, 2633 KB  
Article
Design and Validation of a Self-Driven Joint Model for Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines
by Yi Hu, Wei Huang, Peng-Hao Hu, Wen-Wen Liu and Bing Ye
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3151; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153151 - 2 Aug 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5196
Abstract
Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMMs) have been developed and applied in industrial measurement fields for more than 30 years. Manual operation is typically required during measurement, which introduces uncertain influences, such as fluctuation of measurement force, speed, and acceleration, and leads to [...] Read more.
Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMMs) have been developed and applied in industrial measurement fields for more than 30 years. Manual operation is typically required during measurement, which introduces uncertain influences, such as fluctuation of measurement force, speed, and acceleration, and leads to poor reliability and reproducibility. In this paper, a novel self-driven joint model is proposed to realize automatic measurement for AACMMs. A self-driven joint is designed by combining the joint of an AACMM with a robotic arm to realize automatic rotation. A self-driven AACMM is designed using three rolling joints and three pitching joints with assigned parameters. A virtual prototype of the self-driven AACMM is established using the Adams software to simulate the driving moment of each joint. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed mechanical structure and selected devices can meet the preset requirements. Additionally, based on the proposed model, a single physical joint is developed and assembled for performance testing. Experimental results demonstrate that the model can achieve a repeatability of 1.39″ (k = 2) when the rotational velocity is less than 1.53 rad/s. Therefore, the proposed design is suitable for use in AACMMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental Mechanics, Instrumentation and Metrology)
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18 pages, 5425 KB  
Article
Virtual Distances Methodology as Verification Technique for AACMMs with a Capacitive Sensor Based Indexed Metrology Platform
by Raquel Acero, Jorge Santolaria, Agustin Brau and Marcos Pueo
Sensors 2016, 16(11), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16111940 - 18 Nov 2016
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5709
Abstract
This paper presents a new verification procedure for articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMMs) together with a capacitive sensor-based indexed metrology platform (IMP) based on the generation of virtual reference distances. The novelty of this procedure lays on the possibility of creating virtual [...] Read more.
This paper presents a new verification procedure for articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMMs) together with a capacitive sensor-based indexed metrology platform (IMP) based on the generation of virtual reference distances. The novelty of this procedure lays on the possibility of creating virtual points, virtual gauges and virtual distances through the indexed metrology platform’s mathematical model taking as a reference the measurements of a ball bar gauge located in a fixed position of the instrument’s working volume. The measurements are carried out with the AACMM assembled on the IMP from the six rotating positions of the platform. In this way, an unlimited number and types of reference distances could be created without the need of using a physical gauge, therefore optimizing the testing time, the number of gauge positions and the space needed in the calibration and verification procedures. Four evaluation methods are presented to assess the volumetric performance of the AACMM. The results obtained proved the suitability of the virtual distances methodology as an alternative procedure for verification of AACMMs using the indexed metrology platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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19 pages, 875 KB  
Article
Application of a Force Sensor to Improve the Reliability of Measurement with Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines
by Daniel González-Madruga, Eduardo Cuesta, Joaquín Barreiro and Ana Isabel Fernandez-Abia
Sensors 2013, 13(8), 10430-10448; https://doi.org/10.3390/s130810430 - 13 Aug 2013
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 9614
Abstract
A study of the operator contact force influence on the performance of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) is presented in this paper. After developing a sensor capable of measuring the contact force applied by an operator, a ring gauge has been used [...] Read more.
A study of the operator contact force influence on the performance of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) is presented in this paper. After developing a sensor capable of measuring the contact force applied by an operator, a ring gauge has been used to analyse the relationship between the contact force and diameter and form errors measured with the AACMM. As a result, contact force has been proved as one of the main factors influencing the AACMM performance. A probe deflection model based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been also proposed in order to obtain the AACMM probe deflection caused by contact force. This allows measurement correction by comparing them with reference values, specifically, a ring gauge. Experimental test results show a significant measurement improvement that minimizes diameter error. Finally, an uncertainty evaluation for the contact force sensor and AACMM measurements with and without probe deflection model has been carried out in order to validate the ability of the sensor and the methodology followed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tactile Sensors and Sensing Systems)
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23 pages, 1115 KB  
Article
Modelling and Calibration Technique of Laser Triangulation Sensors for Integration in Robot Arms and Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines
by Jorge Santolaria, David Guillomía, Carlos Cajal, José A. Albajez and Juan J. Aguilar
Sensors 2009, 9(9), 7374-7396; https://doi.org/10.3390/s90907374 - 11 Sep 2009
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 21015
Abstract
A technique for intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of a laser triangulation sensor (LTS) integrated in an articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is presented in this paper. After applying a novel approach to the AACMM kinematic parameter identification problem, by means of a [...] Read more.
A technique for intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of a laser triangulation sensor (LTS) integrated in an articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is presented in this paper. After applying a novel approach to the AACMM kinematic parameter identification problem, by means of a single calibration gauge object, a one-step calibration method to obtain both intrinsic―laser plane, CCD sensor and camera geometry―and extrinsic parameters related to the AACMM main frame has been developed. This allows the integration of LTS and AACMM mathematical models without the need of additional optimization methods after the prior sensor calibration, usually done in a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) before the assembly of the sensor in the arm. The experimental tests results for accuracy and repeatability show the suitable performance of this technique, resulting in a reliable, quick and friendly calibration method for the AACMM final user. The presented method is also valid for sensor integration in robot arms and CMMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in Spain)
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