Search Results (561)

Low-frequency base vibration transmitted through supporting platforms can degrade the stability of precision payloads, optical instruments, and inertial measurement systems. In velocity-sensor-based active isolation platforms, displacement-related feedback states are unavailable. Direct velocity integration can drift under sensor bias, while raw lower-platform velocity feedforward can introduce measurement noise and out-of-band components. This paper proposes a dual extended state observer (ESO) reconstruction method combining equivalent-displacement feedback and lower-platform feedforward. The upper-platform ESO reconstructs feedback velocity and a bounded equivalent-displacement state, while the lower-platform ESO provides a smoothed velocity reference for feedforward compensation. The method was implemented on a plate-type active vibration isolation platform and evaluated using lower-to-upper-platform acceleration transmissibility over 0.1–10 Hz. Across three repeated 200 s records, the proposed ESO feedback–feedforward condition achieved an integrated input–output suppression ratio of $38.67\pm 0.46$ dB, reduced the upper-platform output acceleration RMS to $(1.31\pm 0.09)\times {10}^{-7}$ g, and provided a $48.92\pm 2.12$ dB RMS reduction relative to the passive baseline. Direct nominal–measured comparisons further showed that the reduced model captured the dominant passive and feedback-controlled dynamics. These results demonstrate that low-frequency active micro-vibration isolation can be achieved using only velocity measurements, without additional displacement sensors. Full article

Lactation imposes substantial metabolic demands on mares, and milk composition is a major determinant of neonatal development. Although β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) can regulate protein turnover and energy metabolism in several livestock species, its role in the lactation-growth axis of equids remains insufficiently defined. This study evaluated maternal HMB-Ca supplementation in lactating Yili mares, focusing on milk yield measured during a standardized five-session daytime collection schedule, calculated milk-component output during that schedule, foal growth, and day-30 serum and milk metabolomic profiles. Maternal HMB-Ca supplementation was associated with greater milk yield at day 30 and with greater foal average daily gain during early lactation. To reduce over-interpretation of pathway enrichment alone, we performed a structured phenotype-metabolite correlation analysis. First, the day-30 milk-yield endpoint was correlated with serum differential metabolites; second, the serum features showing strong correlations with this endpoint were compared with milk differential metabolites; third, these serum features were related exploratorily to foal body weight and ADG. This analysis identified 26 serum features with |rho| ≥ 0.60 and nominal p < 0.05 for milk yield, 15 of which met FDR q < 0.10. Several of these features showed annotation-level overlap with the milk differential metabolome and exploratory associations with early foal growth traits. These findings support candidate serum-milk-growth metabolic links accompanying improved lactation performance, but they do not establish a causal pathway. Full article

Satellites are critical components of modern space information systems. During long-term on-orbit operation, satellite telemetry often exhibits multi-scale temporal dynamics, heterogeneous channel behavior, and time-varying inter-variable dependencies, which pose substantial challenges to anomaly detection. Existing methods remain limited in adaptively representing anomaly patterns across temporal scales, jointly modeling temporal evolution and dynamic asymmetric channel dependencies, and preventing over-generalized reconstruction of anomalous inputs. To address these limitations, this paper proposes MSGMamba, a multi-scale graph state space model for satellite telemetry anomaly detection. First, a multi-scale temporal patch decomposition and gated fusion mechanism partitions telemetry sequences into patches of different granularities and adaptively integrates their representations at each temporal position, enabling the joint modeling of short-term transients and relatively slow-varying patterns. Second, a graph–sequence alternating propagation mechanism couples selective state space updates with dynamic graph interaction. At each temporal patch, a directed and asymmetric dependency graph with self-connection priors is generated from the temporally encoded features, allowing temporal evolution and time-varying cross-channel dependencies to be modeled within a unified framework. Third, an orthogonal memory-augmented anomaly discrimination mechanism introduces an orthogonality-constrained memory bank to reduce redundancy among nominal prototypes and constrain the reconstruction space. A dual-pathway anomaly score further combines signal-space reconstruction error with encoder–memory discrepancy to improve the separability of nominal and anomalous samples. Experiments on the SMAP, MSL, and EIRSAT-1 datasets show that MSGMamba outperforms representative baseline methods in terms of average PA-F1 and AFF-F1. Full article

This study established three intercropping densities of cassava and chili (chili plant spacing of 0.4 m, 0.5 m, and 0.6 m, denoted as IA, IB, and IC, respectively), using cassava monoculture (MC) and chili monoculture (MP) as controls, to systematically investigate differences in soil biochemical properties and soil bacterial community structure under different cassava−chili cropping systems. The results showed that soil pH, catalase activity, and acid phosphatase activity were higher in the IB and IC treatments than in the monoculture treatments, while alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were lower in the IA and IC treatments compared to the monoculture treatments. Alpha diversity was higher in the intercropping systems than in the monoculture systems, and the soil bacterial communities exhibited greater richness and diversity. In the intercropping systems, the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota, Gemmatimonadota, and the common dominant soil genus Candidatus_Udaeobacter increased, while those of Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and the genera Acidothermus and Chujaibacter decreased. Redundancy analysis indicated that the soil bacterial community was significantly influenced by soil catalase activity and total nitrogen. In summary, cassava−chili intercropping enhances soil nutrient levels and enzyme activity while reshaping the structure of the soil bacterial community. Full article

This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on silage quality, mycotoxin, bacterial community, and aerobic stability of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-infected oat silage. A 2 × 4 factorial design was employed using healthy (H) and naturally BYDV-infected (S) oats, consisting of four additive treatments, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (TX), Lentilactobacillus buchneri (YX), their combination (FH), and sterile water as the control (CK), with three replicates per treatment (24 silos in total). Fermentation quality and mycotoxin content were analyzed after 75 days of ensiling and 4 days of aerobic exposure, with the day-75 bacterial community characterized. BYDV infection severely impaired raw material quality, significantly reducing water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content by approximately 27.0% while elevating aflatoxin (AFT), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations by approximately 58.8%, 44.6%, and 54.3%, respectively (p < 0.01). Microbial analysis revealed that LAB inoculation effectively restructured the fermentation microbiota, with TX increasing Lactiplantibacillus abundance, FH suppressing Enterococcus while promoting Lentilactobacillus, and YX enriching Leuconostoc. Furthermore, TX increased crude protein (CP) content and lowered pH and ammonia nitrogen levels; YX boosted acetic acid accumulation and enhanced aerobic stability post-exposure, thereby enhancing aerobic stability; and FH preserved higher dry matter, WSC, and ether extract contents (p < 0.05). In S group, TX was most effective against AFT, reducing it by 24.0–31.1%, whereas FH showed superior efficacy against ZEN and DON, with reductions of 15.1–17.4% and 13.3–16.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). Consequently, LAB inoculation improves silage quality and reduces mycotoxins in diseased forage, with L. plantarum alone or combined with L. buchneri recommended for its utilization. Full article

TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP) is one of the major causative genes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which drives disease progression through both gain-of-toxicity (GOT) and loss-of-function (LOF) mechanisms. The mutant TDP-43 exhibits aberrant nucleocytoplasmic distribution and forms cytotoxic hyperphosphorylated aggregates, a process that can be robustly recapitulated in vitro. Thus, functional assays in cell lines serve as a reliable metric for the pathogenicity classification of TARDBP variants. In this study, we performed in vitro experiments to classify the pathogenicity of 28 TARDBP variants of uncertain significance (VUS) among the 172 previously reported TARDBP variants. 22 of these VUS were determined to be functionally abnormal, of which 12 could be further classified as likely pathogenic (LP) variants according to American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation (SVI) Working Group guidelines. We also summarized the clinical characteristics of 35 ALS patients carrying 12 variants in the TARDBP gene. Pathogenic missense variants were predominantly clustered in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of TARDBP. Variants in TARDBP exon 6 may lead to an earlier age at onset. ALS caused by TARDBP mutations exhibits marked phenotypic heterogeneity, along with incomplete penetrance in carriers. Patient-derived primary skin fibroblasts serve as a feasible cellular model for the functional assessment of variant pathogenicity. Our findings expand the TARDBP mutation spectrum, and provides a preliminary basis for preclinical research on TARDBP-targeted therapies for ALS. Full article

Titanite is a widespread accessory mineral in magmatic, metamorphic, and hydrothermal systems and can incorporate trace elements that are sensitive to ore-forming processes. Although titanite trace-element chemistry has been widely applied to individual ore systems and deposit comparisons, its potential for supervised machine-learning-based discrimination across multiple ore deposit types remains less systematically explored. In this study, we compiled a literature-based LA-ICP-MS titanite trace-element dataset comprising 1679 analyses from five major ore deposit types: porphyry, skarn, iron oxide–apatite (IOA), iron oxide copper–gold (IOCG), and orogenic Au deposits. A common feature set of 21 trace elements, including REE, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th, and U, was used to evaluate six supervised machine-learning algorithms: K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, TabMap, and TabPFN. Two-dimensional element and element-ratio diagrams showed substantial overlap among deposit types, whereas machine-learning models better captured deposit-type-related multielement patterns in the compiled dataset. TabPFN achieved the highest stratified 5-fold cross-validation performance, with an accuracy of 0.957 ± 0.011 and a macro-F1 score of 0.944 ± 0.012, followed by TabMap and XGBoost. SHAP and TabMap-SHAP interpretations suggest that deposit classification is mainly associated with coupled variations in REE-Y, Eu, HFSE, and Th-U systematics rather than with a single diagnostic element. These results indicate that titanite trace-element compositions may provide a useful quantitative and interpretable approach for deposit-type discrimination within compiled geochemical datasets, while broader application requires expanded standardized datasets and independent validation samples. Full article

The foot structure plays a decisive role in the trafficability of legged robots on granular media. Traditional foot-ends (spherical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed) are prone to sinkage and slippage, resulting in unstable locomotion. To solve this problem, a novel bionic-inspired reconfigurable foot with active opening and closing adjustment capability is designed based on bionics, combining the stable phalangeal contour of goat hoof capsules and the high-adhesion feature of beetle foot-end spines. A coupled EDEM–Adams simulation model is established, and physical experiments combined with simulation inversion are used to calibrate contact parameters between particles and between particles and the foot, including the coefficient of restitution, static friction and rolling friction. A high-fidelity numerical platform for foot–ground dynamic interaction is thus constructed. By comparing and analyzing the differences in anti-sinkage and traction performance between the bionic-inspired foot and traditional foot-ends, this study systematically revealed the influence law of bionic morphology on the mechanical behavior of the foot, and clarified the intrinsic mechanism through which bionic design improves foot–ground interaction. The results demonstrate that the spine structures of the bionic-inspired foot reshape the mechanical constitutive relationship of granular media. By expanding the ground contact area and optimizing contact pressure distribution, the maximum reduction in foot sinkage depth reaches 70.11%, and the traction coefficient is increased by up to 37.13%. Full article

Food allergy (FA) is an increasing public health concern, highlighting the urgent need for safe, bioactive-based preventive strategies. This study evaluated genistein, a plant-derived isoflavone, in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine FA model. Genistein was administered before sensitization and throughout allergy induction. Clinical symptoms, rectal temperature, diarrhea, OVA-specific antibodies, mast cell responses, intestinal barrier markers, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal metabolites were assessed using immunological, histological, microbiome, and metabolomic analyses. Genistein pretreatment prevented OVA-induced clinical symptom scores, rectal temperature decline, diarrhea occurrence, OVA-specific antibody responses, and mast cell responses. These changes were accompanied by preservation of jejunal tight junction-related markers and modulation of T-cell-associated immune responses. In vitro, genistein modulated antigen uptake, maturation-associated features of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and BMDC-driven CD4⁺ T-cell polarization. In parallel, genistein-pretreated mice showed altered gut microbial structure, higher relative abundances of selected SCFA-associated taxa, increased fecal butyrate, and fecal metabolomic alterations involving purine metabolism, bile-acid-related metabolism, and tryptophan-related microbial metabolites. Consistently, correlation analyses indicated associations among microbial taxa, metabolites, immune indicators, and intestinal barrier markers. Together, these findings provide preliminary mechanistic insight into genistein in experimental FA and support further investigation of genistein as a dietary bioactive candidate for FA prevention. Full article

Recycling residual plastic film is an important measure to prevent plastic pollution and achieve farmland sustainability, with farmers’ participation being the key. To understand the determinants of farmers’ participation in the recycling of residual plastic film, this study developed an extended TPB framework by introducing moral norm and responsibility attribution as additional explanatory constructs. Based on questionnaire responses from 429 cotton farmers in southern Xinjiang, China, the proposed relationships were examined through structural equation modeling. The empirical results indicated that recycling intentions were mainly determined by attitudes and perceived behavioral control, and responsibility attribution had a positive effect on subjective norm. Furthermore, the influence of moral norm served as a minor mediating factor in the connection between subjective norms and intentions to recycle. These findings not only deepen the understanding of the behavioral mechanisms underlying residual film recovery, but also provide policy-relevant insights for strengthening government efforts to address plastic film pollution. Full article

Cross-domain emotion recognition based on electroencephalogram (EEG) is a challenging task, as EEG signals collected from different subjects or at different moments exhibit significant differences in distribution. How to enable deep learning model to learn the common feature space and reduce the distribution differences between the source and target domains is an important research direction. For this problem, we propose a Supervised Contrastive Variational AutoEncoder Network (SCVAE-Net), which possesses enhanced abilities for extracting consistent features across source and target domains, thereby improving cross-domain EEG emotion recognition performance. Specifically, this method utilizes the reconstruction mechanism and latent space probabilization of VAE to obtain intermediate features that are more consistent and transferable. Furthermore, the maximum mean discrepancy loss is employed to further reduce the distribution discrepancy of these features. To alleviate the degradation of discriminative ability during domain alignment, we introduce multi-view supervised contrastive learning in multi-source domains to enhance the intra-class consistency and inter-class separability of latent features. Under the cross-subject and cross-session settings, SCVAE-Net achieves accuracies of 95.01%/96.84% on SEED and 74.94%/79.44% on SEED-IV, respectively. These experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in cross-domain EEG emotion recognition. Full article

Background: In some children with immunodeficiency, Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination can lead to dissemination and severe infection, including severe intracranial infection, called disseminated BCG disease (BCGosis), which is characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. However, the specific routes by which BCG crosses CNS barriers and the patterns of temporal remodeling of the CNS immune microenvironment during infection have yet to be fully elucidated. Methods: Mice were infected with BCG through tail vein injection to construct an intracerebral mycobacterial infection mouse model, wherein the brain was collected and analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing. We profiled temporal transcriptomic changes in cell populations, pathways, and cell–cell communication associated with anti-mycobacterial activity and inflammation-induced disturbance of physiological brain activities. Results: After BCG was injected via tail vein, histopathological images and cultured colonies of brain tissue confirmed successful brain infection. Then, whole-brain tissue was dissected for 10× Genomics single-cell sequencing, and we acquired 15 cell types. Dysfunction and inflammatory responses were observed in endothelial and ependymal cells. Infection induced dynamic state transitions in microglia, enabling their differentiation into disease-related and interferon-responsive states. Along with peripheral immune cells, microglia formed temporally structured communication networks that mediated early events such as chemokine recruitment and inflammatory storms, and facilitated late-stage immune checkpoint upregulation. Conclusions: This study proposes BCSFB as a possible pathway of mycobacteria invasion and reveals the temporality of immune response processes in the pathogenesis of intracerebral mycobacterial infection. Full article

Because smart microgrids can flexibly integrate distributed energy resources and support grid-connected and islanded operation modes, they enhance power supply reliability and promote the efficient utilization of renewable energy. However, the open communication environment and physically exposed infrastructure introduce critical security challenges, including risks of physical hijacking and data leakage. Many existing authentication protocols either fail to address these threats or rely on heavyweight cryptographic operations such as bilinear pairings and modular exponentiation, resulting in high computational and communicational overhead. To address these issues, a lightweight authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol for smart microgrids is proposed. The protocol symmetrically integrates Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) into the smart meter (SM) and smart microgrid control center (SMC) to protect stored secret information against capture attacks. Meanwhile, the SM and SMC register with the data center (DC) in a symmetric manner. During the AKA phase, the DC only assists in authenticating the identities of the SM and SMC online in a symmetric way, without participating in session key computation, thereby reducing the trust burden and computational load on the smart meters and control center. Formal security proof and informal security analysis demonstrate that the proposed protocol can resist known attacks such as physical hijacking and data leakage. Compared with existing smart microgrid authentication protocols, the proposed protocol has performance advantages and the lowest computational cost, confirming its suitability for resource-constrained microgrid environments. Full article

The flower color of Rhododendron is primarily determined by anthocyanin biosynthesis, with cytochrome P450 CYP75 family members, particularly flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), playing a central role. However, the composition and functional characterization of CYP75 genes in Rhododendron remain insufficiently explored. This study performed genome-wide identification of the CYP75 gene family using the Rhododendron simsii reference genome and functionally characterized the corresponding F3′5′H homolog cloned from Rhododendron × hybridum petals (red cultivar and pink cultivar). Seven RsCYP75 genes were identified, categorized into two subfamilies: RsCYP75A (A1–A5) and RsCYP75B (B1–B2), with a prominent cluster on chromosome 13. All encoded proteins contained a conserved cytochrome P450 domain and typical heme-binding motifs. Among these, RhCYP75A2 showed the highest expression level in red petals at full blooming period and was designated as RhF3′5′H. RhF3′5′H encodes a basic membrane protein with the characteristic F3′5′H motif, with its transcript most abundant in flowers. Transient overexpression of RhF3′5′H in red R. × hybridum petals resulted in a 9.74-fold increase in its transcript levels and a 1.25-fold increase in anthocyanin content compared to that in the control accompanied by the up-regulation of CHS, F3H, DFR and ANS. Conversely, RhF3′5′H silencing reduced anthocyanin accumulation but increased CHS and F3H transcript levels, suggesting a compensatory transcriptional response in the upstream anthocyanin pathway. Moreover, RhF3′5′H was heterologously expressed in E. coli Rosetta as an MBP fusion protein, purified, and identified by LC-MS/MS and ELISA. The protein showed the ability to promote anthocyanin accumulation. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that RhF3′5′H can bind to naringenin and dihydrokaempferol. These results confirm that RhF3′5′H is a functional F3′5′H-type CYP75A enzyme and a positive regulator of anthocyanin accumulation in Rhododendron petals. This work enriches the CYP75 gene catalog in Rhododendron and provides candidate genes for future studies on flower color regulation and molecular breeding. Full article