Search Results (52)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by faulty DNA repair and is associated with bone marrow failure, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Because of the more widespread use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and increased testing for germline mutations in young patients with MDS and AML, FA is increasingly being first diagnosed in adults, many of whom lack classical physical stigmata. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the only cure for the hematologic manifestations of FA but there are several unique considerations in FA patients, including first maintaining a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis in patients with minimal phenotypic abnormalities, second an exaggerated sensitivity to alkylating agents and radiation, precluding the use of standard myeloablative conditioning regimens despite the young age of most of the patients, and lastly a marked propensity for squamous cell cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract and anogenital region, likely further increased by the drugs used in conditioning and by chronic inflammation in patients who develop graft-versus-host disease. Despite a growing number of FA patients surviving into adulthood or first being diagnosed with FA as an adult, there is minimal literature describing transplant methodology and outcomes. In the following case-based review of a patient, we incorporate recent findings from the literature on the care of this challenging patient population. Full article

Zero-valent iron (ZVI), particularly in its nanoscale form (nZVI), is now considered a highly promising material for the remediation of toxic metal ions from polluted groundwater owing to its strong reductive potential, significant surface area, and reactive behavior. This review systematically explores the application of pristine and modified ZVI systems—including doped ZVI, bio-stabilized composites, and ZVI supported on advanced materials like MXene and nanocellulose—for effective treatment of water containing metal species like As(III/V), Hg(II), Cr(VI), and Ni(II). Emphasis is placed on understanding the underlying mechanisms, including redox reactions, surface complexation, and synergistic adsorption–reduction pathways. Key factors affecting adsorption efficiency—such as pH, temperature, ZVI dosage, and competing ions—are thoroughly analyzed, alongside adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. Modified ZVI composites exhibit enhanced stability, selectivity, and reusability, demonstrating promising performance even in complex aqueous environments. Despite significant progress, challenges such as nanoparticle passivation, limited field-scale data, and potential toxicity of byproducts remain. The review concludes by highlighting future research directions focused on improving material longevity, regeneration efficiency, selective adsorption, and integration with other advanced remediation technologies for sustainable and scalable groundwater treatment. Full article

Multiple lines of research have led to the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of the innate immune response, playing a vital role in the defense against a wide range of infectious diseases. In this review, we explore the occurrence and availability of antimicrobial proteins and peptides across various species, highlighting their natural abundance and evolutionary significance. The design of AMPs has been driven by the identification of key structural and functional features, which are essential for optimizing their antimicrobial activity and reducing toxicity to host cells. We discuss various approaches, including rational design, high-throughput screening, and computational modeling, that have been employed to develop novel AMPs with enhanced efficacy. A particular focus is given to the identification and characterization of peptide fragments derived from naturally occurring host defense proteins, which offer a promising avenue for the discovery of new AMPs. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools into AMP research has further accelerated the identification, optimization, and application of these peptides. This review also discusses the current status and therapeutic potential of AMPs, emphasizing their role in addressing the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. The conclusion highlights the importance of continued research and innovation in AMP development to fully harness their potential as next-generation antimicrobial agents. Full article

This study examines mortgage loan fallout using data provided by a leading financial institution. By accurately predicting mortgage loan fallout, lenders can protect their bottom line, maintain financial stability, and contribute to a healthier economy. The paper employs various machine learning models to predict mortgage fallout based on loan, market, property, and borrower characteristics. A large dataset of locked mortgage applications from a major U.S. lender was analyzed. The random forest model demonstrated superior predictive efficiency and stability. To understand the factors influencing mortgage fallout, the SHAP method, along with empirical analysis with logistic regression, was utilized to identify key determinants. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for mortgage lenders and future research. Full article

In this article, we construct a Boehmian space using the convolution theorem that contains the offset linear canonical Stockwell transforms (OLCST) of all square-integrable Boehmians. It is also proven that the extended OLCST on square-integrable Boehmians is consistent with the traditional OLCST. Furthermore, it is one-to-one, linear, and continuous with respect to $\Delta$-convergence as well as $\Delta$-convergence. Subsequently, we introduce a discrete variant of the OLCST. Ultimately, we broaden the application of the presented work by examining the OLCST within the domain of almost periodic functions. Full article

Laser hot wire directed energy deposition (LHW-DED) is a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing technique that permits the fabrication of large-scale Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) components with a high deposition rate and has gained traction in the aerospace sector in recent years. However, one of the major challenges in LHW-DED Ti64 is heat accumulation, which affects the part quality, microstructure, and properties of as-built specimens. These issues require a comprehensive understanding of the layerwise heat-accumulation-driven process–structure–property relationship in as-deposited samples. In this study, a systematic investigation was performed by fabricating three Ti-6Al-4V single-wall specimens with distinct interlayer delays, i.e., 0, 120, and 300 s. The real-time acquisition of high-fidelity thermal data and high-resolution melt pool images were utilized to demonstrate a direct correlation between layerwise heat accumulation and melt pool dimensions. The results revealed that the maximum heat buildup temperature of the topmost layer decreased from 660 $°$C to 263 $°$C with an increase to a 300 s interlayer delay, allowing for better control of the melt pool dimensions, which then resulted in improved part accuracy. Furthermore, the investigation of the location-specific composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties demonstrated that heat buildup resulted in the coarsening of microstructures and, consequently, the reduction of micro-hardness with increasing height. Extending the delay by 120 s resulted in a 5% improvement in the mechanical properties, including an increase in the yield strength from 817 MPa to 859 MPa and the ultimate tensile strength from 914 MPa to 959 MPa. Cooling rates estimated at 900 $°$C using a one-dimensional thermal model based on a numerical method allowed us to establish the process–structure–property relationship for the wall specimens. The study provides deeper insight into the effect of heat buildup in LHW-DED and serves as a guide for tailoring the properties of as-deposited specimens by regulating interlayer delay. Full article

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted world of natural fiber applications within the domain of composite materials. Natural fibers are meticulously examined in detail, considering their diverse origins, which encompass plant-derived fibers (cellulose-based), animal-derived fibers (protein-based), and even mineral-derived variations. This review conducts a profound analysis, not only scrutinizing their chemical compositions, intricate structures, and inherent physical properties but also highlighting their wide-ranging applications across various industries. The investigation extends to composites utilizing mineral or polymer matrices, delving into their synergistic interplay and the resulting material properties. Furthermore, this review does not limit itself to the intrinsic attributes of natural fibers but ventures into the realm of innovative enhancements. The exploration encompasses the augmentation of composites through the integration of natural fibers, including the incorporation of nano-fillers, offering a compelling avenue for further research and technological development. In conclusion, this review synthesizes a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal role of natural fibers in the realm of composite materials. It brings together insights from their diverse origins, intrinsic properties, and practical applications across sectors. As the final curtain is drawn, the discourse transcends the present to outline the trajectories of future work in the dynamic arena of natural fiber composites, shedding light on emerging trends that promise to shape the course of scientific and industrial advancements. Full article

The hydrothermal method was successfully used in the current work to fabricate YCeO nanocomposites, a novel hydrogen (H₂) gas sensor. XRD, FE-SEM, and AFM were performed to determine the crystal structure and morphology of as prepared nanocomposite. The cubic structure of space group Fm3m with a density of 6.74 gmcm⁻³, a volume of 157.81 10⁶ pm³, and a crystallite size of 18.66 nm is obtained in the XRD pattern of YCeO in this instance. Furthermore, the granular structure and roughness of the surface can be seen in FE-SEM and AFM studies. Additionally, hydrogen sensing was performed at a temperature of 28 °C with a hydrogen concentration of 20–120 ppm. The sensor response for hydrogen gas at 20 and 120 ppm was measured to be 1.41 and 2.09, respectively. At 20 ppm, we came to know that the recovery times and rapid response were 75.54 s and 40.81 s, respectively. The long-term stability was also checked for 40 days and the change in sensor response at 20 and 40 days was 1.40 and 1.39, respectively. The investigated sensor device also demonstrates the benefits of a straightforward fabrication procedure, a basic structure, and a very affordable hydrogen detection sensor. Full article

The long-term performance of pavement is greatly influenced by the subgrade soil-bearing capacity. The areas with lower bearing capability experience higher construction costs due to soil replacement. Soil stabilization is one of the engineering measures that may be used to improve soil properties. The improvement in the soil properties varies depending on the soil type and type and dosage of the stabilizer. The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of the different types of stabilizers on different types of black cotton soil. In the present study, black cotton soil was treated with Terrasil (0.5, 0.75, and 1 kg/m³), Zycobond (0.5, 0.75, and 1 kg/m³), and lime (0, 2, and 3%). The influence of varying dosages of Terrasil, Zycobond, and lime showed a significant improvement in the FSI, CBR, and UCS. In this study, attempts were made to investigate the field performance of chemically treated black cotton soil. A 100 m trail section with chemical- and lime-treated subgrade was constructed and analyzed using the dynamic cone penetration test. Finally, the mechanical design indicated that the chemical stabilization layer could be helpful to reduce asphalt layer thickness by 30 mm and cost. It is anticipated that this study will be useful to perceive, visualize, and understand the advantages of chemically treated black cotton soil. Overall, it is a step toward sustainable construction, which will reduce the demand for natural materials by optimizing pavement design and the use of existing unsuitable materials (black cotton soil) in flexible pavement construction. Full article

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach employing two-dimensional uniform and non-uniform Haar wavelet collocation methods to effectively solve the generalized Burgers–Huxley and Burgers–Fisher equations. The demonstrated method exhibits an impressive quartic convergence rate. Several test problems are presented to exemplify the accuracy and efficiency of this proposed approach. Our results exhibit exceptional accuracy even with a minimal number of spatial divisions. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of our results with existing methods. Full article

The multi-resolution analysis (MRA) associated with quadratic phase Fourier transform (QPFT) serves as a tool to construct orthogonal bases of the $L^2\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$. Consequently, it assumes a pivotal role in facilitating potential applications of QPFT. Inspired by the sampling theorem applicable to band-limited signals in the QPFT domain, this paper formulates the development of the MRA linked with QPFT. Subsequently, we develop a method for constructing orthogonal bases for $L^2\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$, followed by some examples. Full article

The present paper describes the design of shape-oriented hydrogel nanospheres using a facile ultrasonication-supported crosslinked copolymerization technique. The effect of variable monomer concentration on the homogeneity of hydrogel nanospheres was investigated. The chitosan-cl-poly(MMA) hydrogel nanospheres were well characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and TEM. The chitosan-cl-poly(MMA) hydrogel nanospheres were studied for their swelling behavior and could potentially be used as a novel adsorbent for rhodamine B dye remediation from aqueous media. The study found that utilizing chitosan-cl-poly(MMA) nanohydrogel spheres at the optimal pH 5 increased RhB dye adsorption capacity from 7.9 to 17.8 mg/g (pH 2 to 5), followed by a slight reduction. Furthermore, when nanohydrogel concentration increased, adsorption capacity dropped from 18.03 to 2.8 mg/g, but adsorption percentage climbed from 90.2% to 97.8%. At an initial dye concentration of 140 mg/L, rhodamine B adsorption achieved 204.3 mg/g in 60 min. The rhodamine B dye adsorption study includes adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics analyses. The interpretation of the adsorption study revealed that Langmuir isotherms fit best with a qmax value of 276.26 mg/g, which is in close approximation with the experimental value, whereas pseudo-second-order kinetics explains the adsorption process rate. The interaction of RhB dye with chitosan-cl-poly(MMA) hydrogel nanospheres involves multiple forces such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, etc. Full article

In this article, we propose a fourth-order non-self-adjoint system of singular boundary value problems (SBVPs), which arise in the theory of epitaxial growth by considering hte equation $\frac{1}{r^{\beta }}{\left\{r^{\beta }{\left[\frac{1}{r^{\beta }}{\left(r^{\beta }{\Theta }^{\prime }\right)}^{{}^{\prime }}\right]}^{\prime }\right\}}^{{}^{\prime }}=\frac{1}{2r^{\beta }}\left(K_{11}\left({\mu }^{\prime }{\Theta }^{\prime 2}+2\mu {\Theta }^{{}^{\prime }}{\Theta }^{{}^{″}}\right)+K_{12}\left({\mu }^{\prime }{\phi }^{\prime 2}+2\mu {\phi }^{{}^{\prime }}{\phi }^{{}^{″}}\right)\right)+{\lambda }_1{G}_1\left(r\right),$$\frac{1}{r^{\beta }}{\left\{r^{\beta }{\left[\frac{1}{r^{\beta }}{\left(r^{\beta }{\phi }^{\prime }\right)}^{{}^{\prime }}\right]}^{\prime }\right\}}^{{}^{\prime }}=\frac{1}{2r^{\beta }}\left(K_{21}\left({\mu }^{\prime }{\Theta }^{\prime 2}+2\mu {\Theta }^{{}^{\prime }}{\Theta }^{{}^{″}}\right)+K_{22}\left({\mu }^{\prime }{\phi }^{\prime 2}+2\mu {\phi }^{{}^{\prime }}{\phi }^{{}^{″}}\right)\right)+{\lambda }_2{G}_2\left(r\right),$ where ${\lambda }_1\ge 0$ and ${\lambda }_2\ge 0$ are two parameters, $\mu =p{r}^{2\beta -2},p\in {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$, $G_1,G_2\in L^1[0,1]$ such that $M_1^{*}\ge G_1\left(r\right)\ge M_1>0,M_2^{*}\ge G_2\left(r\right)\ge M_2>0$ and $K_{12}>0$, $K_{11}\ge 0$, and $K_{21}>0$, $K_{22}\ge 0$ are constants that are connected by the relation $(K_{12}+K_{22})\ge (K_{11}+K_{21})$ and $\beta >1$. To study the governing equation, we consider three different types of homogeneous boundary conditions. We use the transformation $t=\frac{r^{1+\beta }}{1+\beta }$ to deduce the second-order singular boundary value problem. Also, for $\beta =p=G_1\left(r\right)=G_2\left(r\right)=1$, it admits dual solutions. We show the existence of at least one solution in continuous space. We derive a sign of solutions. Furthermore, we compute the approximate bound of the parameters to point out the region of nonexistence. We also conclude bounds are symmetric with respect to two different transformations. Full article

In the present article, we investigate the free convective flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid in a two-phase inclined channel saturated with a porous medium. The flow has been propelled using the pressure gradient, thermal radiation, and buoyancy force. The flow model’s governing equations are resolved using the regular perturbation approach. The governing equations are solved with the help of the regular perturbation method. Polyethylene glycol and water (at a ratio of 50%:50%) fill up Region I, while a ternary hybrid nanofluid based on zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, and carbon nanotubes occupies Region II. The ternary hybrid nanofluids are defined with a mixture model in which three different shapes of nanoparticles, namely spherical, platelet, and cylindrical, are incorporated. The consequences of the most significant variables have been examined using both visual and tabular data. The main finding of this work is that utilising a ternary hybrid nanofluid at the plate y = 1 increases the rate of heat transfers by 753%, demonstrating the potential thermal efficiency. The overall heat and volume flow rates are amplified by buoyant forces and viscous dissipations and dampened by the thermal radiation parameter. The optimum enhancement of temperature is achieved by the influence of buoyancy forces. A ternary nanofluid region experiences the maximum temperature increase compared to a clear fluid region. To ensure the study’s efficiency, we validated it with prior studies. Full article

The impact of convection and radiation on the thermal distribution of the wavy porous fin is examined in the present study. A hybrid model that combines the differential evolution (DE) algorithm with an artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed for predicting the heat transfer of the wavy porous fin. The equation representing the thermal variation in the wavy porous fin is reduced to its dimensionless arrangement and is numerically solved using Rung, e-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourth-fifth order method (RKF-45). The study demonstrates the effectiveness of this hybrid model, and the results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the ANN model with parameters obtained through grid search (GS), showcasing the superiority of the hybrid DE-ANN model in terms of accuracy and performance. This research highlights the potential of utilizing DE with ANN for improved predictive modeling in the heat transfer sector. The originality of this study is that it addresses the heat transfer problem by optimizing the selection of parameters for the ANN model using the DE algorithm. Full article