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Evaluation and Monitoring of Hydrogeological Hazards in Underground Engineering

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrogeology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2026 | Viewed by 2822

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, China
Interests: geohazard in subsea tunnel; applied geophysics in subsea tunnel; water inrush disaster; dynamic response of subsea tunnel; artificial intelligence in subsea tunnel
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underground engineering, including tunneling, underground caverns, and mining, is often threatened by complex hydrogeological hazards. On the one hand, water inrush, karst collapse, soft rock deformation, and fault zone water disasters frequently cause construction accidents, posing severe risks to safety, schedule, and cost. On the other hand, these hazards may also lead to groundwater depletion, water pollution, and long-term environmental impacts.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in hazard prevention and control technologies, advanced geological prediction, and monitoring systems. However, many challenges remain, such as the mechanisms of disasters in deep and high-stress conditions, intelligent monitoring and early-warning methods, hydro-geo-mechanical coupling processes, and sustainable approaches for underground construction.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Mechanisms of water-related hazards.
  2. Advanced geological prediction.
  3. Prediction and risk evaluation.
  4. Monitoring methods.
  5. Intelligent early-warning systems.
  6. Hydro-geo-mechanical coupling.
  7. Sustainable approaches for water-related hazards.
  8. Control and treatment of water-related hazards.
  9. Modeling and simulation of hydrogeological processes.
  10. Case studies about water-related hazards.
  11. Large tunnels in mountainous areas.
  12. Tunnels on high-speed rail lines below the water table.
  13. Tunnels beneath the seabed.
  14. Large caverns for fluid storage or power generation.

Dr. Zhiqiang Li
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mechanisms of water-related hazards
  • advanced geological prediction
  • prediction and risk evaluation
  • monitoring methods
  • intelligent early-warning systems
  • hydro-geo-mechanical coupling
  • sustainable approaches for water-related hazards
  • control and treatment of water-related hazards
  • modeling and simulation of hydrogeological processes
  • case studies obout water-related hazards
  • large tunnels in mountainous areas
  • tunnels on high-speed rail lines below the water table
  • tunnels beneath the seabed
  • large caverns for fluid storage or power generation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 4352 KB  
Article
Grading Evaluation of Grouting Seal Quality for Recharge Channels in Water-Hazardous Aquifers of Extremely Complex Mines
by Jianggen He, Hankun Li, Yaolong Huang, Shiyuan Tian, Junchao Yue, Hongwei Meng, Qi Wang and Xinyi Wang
Water 2026, 18(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010121 - 4 Jan 2026
Viewed by 466
Abstract
Grouting to seal the recharge channels of water-bearing aquifers is an effective method for reducing mine water inflow. Evaluating effectiveness and establishing a hierarchical classification system are crucial for assessing project quality. Taking the grouting seal project of the Cambrian limestone aquifer recharge [...] Read more.
Grouting to seal the recharge channels of water-bearing aquifers is an effective method for reducing mine water inflow. Evaluating effectiveness and establishing a hierarchical classification system are crucial for assessing project quality. Taking the grouting seal project of the Cambrian limestone aquifer recharge channels at Mine No.7 in the Pingdingshan Coalfield as a case study, this paper first comprehensively evaluates the grouting seal effectiveness based on the difference in dynamic water recharge to goaf before and after grouting, derived from long-term pumping test data. Further, six indicator factors—grout volume, grout volume per unit time, grout volume per unit thickness, final borehole pressure, penetration depth into Cambrian limestone, and variation in rock mechanical strength—were selected. Weights for these factors were determined by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process, entropy weight method, and composite weighting method. The TOPSIS model was applied to classify and rank the grouting seal effectiveness in six recharge channels. Results indicate that post-grouting water recharge from goaf decreased by 240.78 m3/h during dry season and 878.57 m3/h during wet season, confirming high-quality grouting seal. The grouting seal quality of the six recharge channels was ranked from highest to lowest as follows: NO.3 > NO.2 > NO.6 > NO.1 > NO.5 > NO.4. The evaluation results corresponded with the actual karst fissure development and distribution of goaf in the exposed recharge channels. Full article
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32 pages, 7211 KB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Roof Water Inrush in Shallow Buried Thick Coal Seam Using FAHP-CV Comprehensive Weighting Method: A Case Study of Guojiawan Coal Mine
by Chao Liu, Xiaoyan Chen, Zekun Li, Jun Hou, Jinjin Tian and Dongjing Xu
Water 2025, 17(24), 3571; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17243571 - 16 Dec 2025
Viewed by 566
Abstract
Roof water inrush is a major hazard threatening coal mine safety. This paper addresses the risk of roof water inrush during mining in the shallow-buried Jurassic coalfield of Northern Shaanxi, taking the Guojiawan Coal Mine as a case study. A systematic framework of [...] Read more.
Roof water inrush is a major hazard threatening coal mine safety. This paper addresses the risk of roof water inrush during mining in the shallow-buried Jurassic coalfield of Northern Shaanxi, taking the Guojiawan Coal Mine as a case study. A systematic framework of “identification of main controlling factors–coupling of subjective and objective weighting–GIS-based spatial evaluation” is proposed. An integrated weighting system combining the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the Coefficient of Variation (CV) method is innovatively adopted. Four weight optimization models, including Linear Weighted Method, Multiplicative Synthesis Normalization Method, Minimum Information Entropy Method, and Game Theory Method, are introduced to evaluate 10 main controlling factors, including the fault strength index and sand–mud ratio. The results indicate that the GIS-based vulnerability evaluation model using the Multiplicative Synthesis Normalization Method achieves the highest accuracy, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.9961. This model effectively enables five-level risk zoning and accurately identifies high-risk areas. The evaluation system and zoning results developed in this paper can provide a direct scientific basis for the design of water prevention engineering and precise countermeasures in the Guojiawan Coal Mine and other mining areas with similar geological conditions. Full article
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18 pages, 3351 KB  
Article
Borehole Resistivity Imaging Method for the Disaster Evolution Process of Tunnel Seepage Instability-Induced Water Inrush
by Dongjie Li, Zhanxiang Li, Yanbin Xue, Zhi-Qiang Li, Lei Han and Yi Wang
Water 2025, 17(21), 3181; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17213181 - 6 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1214
Abstract
Water inrush disasters pose a serious threat during tunnel construction. Accurately evaluating their evolution process is essential for timely prevention and risk mitigation. Given the staged nature of seepage-instability-induced inrushes and the sensitivity of borehole resistivity imaging to water-bearing anomalies, this study explores [...] Read more.
Water inrush disasters pose a serious threat during tunnel construction. Accurately evaluating their evolution process is essential for timely prevention and risk mitigation. Given the staged nature of seepage-instability-induced inrushes and the sensitivity of borehole resistivity imaging to water-bearing anomalies, this study explores the use of borehole resistivity methods to monitor the evolution of such events. A four-stage geoelectrical evolution model is developed based on the characteristics of inclined fault-related water inrushes. A time-lapse evaluation method combining least squares inversion and resistivity ratio analysis is proposed to assess the inrush process. Numerical simulations show that this method achieves a localization error below 2 m for inclined water-conducting channels. Across the four stages, the resistivity ratio of the channel ranges from 0.65 to 1.40, capturing the three-dimensional expansion of the inrush pathway. These findings confirm that borehole resistivity imaging effectively characterizes the evolution of water inrush disasters and supports early warning and mitigation strategies. Full article
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