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Viruses
Special Issues
Advances and Novel Concepts in Herpesvirus Vaccines
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Advances and Novel Concepts in Herpesvirus Vaccines

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 6240

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ting-Ting Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Interests: KSHV; influenza virus; MHV-68; vaccines; interferons
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Laurie T. Krug

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Cancer Institute, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892-1868, USA
Interests: gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis; gammaherpesvirus cancers; vaccines; animal models; virus-host interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are planning a Special Issue on “Advances and Novel Concepts in Herpesvirus Vaccines”. Herpesviruses are responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality on a worldwide basis. Vaccines are the most effective method of protecting individuals against diseases caused by herpesvirus infections, as demonstrated by the Oka vaccine based on live attenuated varicella-zoster virus that has drastically reduced chickenpox and varicella-related deaths. More recently, an adjuvanted recombinant gE subunit vaccine, Shingrix, was developed to prevent shingles. Herpesviruses have relatively large genomes and alternate from lytic to latent phases of infection. Alpha- and betaherpesviruses cause diseases via lytic replication, whereas cancers associated with gammaherpesviruses are composed of mostly latently infected cells, where expression of latency-associated genes from the viral genome predisposes cells to transformation by driving the proliferation of infected cells. A large repertoire of immune evasion genes and the ability to enter latency increase the challenge for herpesvirus vaccine development. Nevertheless, considerable advancements have been made regarding the efficacy of different vaccine platforms and immune correlates of protection against infection and disease. We would like to invite scientists to share their recent research progress on herpesvirus vaccines in this Special Issue.

Dr. Ting-Ting Wu
Dr. Laurie T. Krug
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • herpesvirus
  • vaccines
  • antibody
  • T-cell

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2997 KiB  
Article
Vaccination with a Replication-Dead Murine Gammaherpesvirus Lacking Viral Pathogenesis Genes Inhibits WT Virus Infection
by Dipanwita Mitra, Darby G. Oldenburg, J. Craig Forrest and Laurie T. Krug
Viruses 2024, 16(12), 1930; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121930 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 959
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic pathogens that establish lifelong infections. There are no FDA-approved vaccines against Epstein–Barr virus or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68) infection of mice provides a system for investigating gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis and testing vaccine strategies. Prime-boost vaccination with a replication-dead virus [...] Read more.
Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic pathogens that establish lifelong infections. There are no FDA-approved vaccines against Epstein–Barr virus or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68) infection of mice provides a system for investigating gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis and testing vaccine strategies. Prime-boost vaccination with a replication-dead virus (RDV) that does not express the essential replication and transactivator protein (RTA) encoded by ORF50 (RDV-50.stop) protected against WT virus replication and reduced latency in C57BL/6 mice, and prevented lethal disease in Ifnar1−/− mice. To further improve the RDV vaccine and more closely model KSHV vaccine design, we generated an RDV lacking the unique M1-M4 genes and the non-coding tRNA-miRNA-encoded RNAs (TMERs) 6, 7, and 8 that collectively promote latency of MHV68 in vivo. Prime-boost vaccination of mice with RDV-50.stop∆M1-M4 elicited neutralizing antibodies and virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the lungs and spleens, the respective sites of acute replication and latency, that were comparable to RDV-50.stop vaccination. When challenged with WT MHV68, vaccinated mice exhibited a near-complete block of lytic replication and a reduction in latency and reactivation. We conclude that the unique M1-M4 genes and TMERs 6, 7, and 8, which are major determinants of WT MHV68 pathogenesis, are not required for eliciting protective immunity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Novel Concepts in Herpesvirus Vaccines)
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21 pages, 7373 KiB  
Article
Novel Adjuvant S-540956 Targets Lymph Nodes and Reduces Genital Recurrences and Vaginal Shedding of HSV-2 DNA When Administered with HSV-2 Glycoprotein D as a Therapeutic Vaccine in Guinea Pigs
by Sita Awasthi, Motoyasu Onishi, John M. Lubinski, Bernard T. Fowler, Alexis M. Naughton, Lauren M. Hook, Kevin P. Egan, Masaki Hagiwara, Seiki Shirai, Akiho Sakai, Takayuki Nakagawa, Kumiko Goto, Osamu Yoshida, Alisa J. Stephens, Grace Choi, Gary H. Cohen, Kazufumi Katayama and Harvey M. Friedman
Viruses 2023, 15(5), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051148 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4570
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a leading cause of genital ulcer disease and a major risk factor for acquisition and transmission of HIV. Frequent recurrent genital lesions and concerns about transmitting infection to intimate partners affect the quality of life of [...] Read more.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a leading cause of genital ulcer disease and a major risk factor for acquisition and transmission of HIV. Frequent recurrent genital lesions and concerns about transmitting infection to intimate partners affect the quality of life of infected individuals. Therapeutic vaccines are urgently needed to reduce the frequency of genital lesions and transmission. S-540956 is a novel vaccine adjuvant that contains CpG oligonucleotide ODN2006 annealed to its complementary sequence and conjugated to a lipid that targets the adjuvant to lymph nodes. Our primary goal was to compare S-540956 administered with HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2) with no treatment in a guinea pig model of recurrent genital herpes (studies 1 and 2). Our secondary goals were to compare S-540956 with oligonucleotide ODN2006 (study1) or glucopyranosyl lipid A in a stable oil-in-water nano-emulsion (GLA-SE) (study 2). gD2/S-540956 reduced the number of days with recurrent genital lesions by 56%, vaginal shedding of HSV-2 DNA by 49%, and both combined by 54% compared to PBS, and was more efficacious than the two other adjuvants. Our results indicate that S-540956 has great potential as an adjuvant for a therapeutic vaccine for genital herpes, and merits further evaluation with the addition of potent T cell immunogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Novel Concepts in Herpesvirus Vaccines)
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