Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.1
4.7
Journals
Viruses
Special Issues
Conditional Cell Reprogramming: Applications in Virology
share announcement

Conditional Cell Reprogramming: Applications in Virology

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 7987

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xuefeng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center for Cell Reprograming, Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
2. Departments of Pathology and Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: cell reprogramming; telomerase and telomeres; patient-derived models; cell therapies; living biobanks; viruses; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Conventional cancer and transformed cell lines are widely used in virology. These cells usually have abnormalities from the original tumor itself, but may also develop abnormalities due to genetic manipulation, or due to genetic and epigenetic changes during long-term passages. Primary cultures may maintain lineage functions as the original tissue types, yet they have a very limited life span or population doubling time because of the nature of cellular senescence. Primary cultures usually have very low yields and the high variability from any original tissue specimens, largely limiting their applications in research. Animal models are often used for studies of virus infections, disease modeling, development of antiviral drugs, and vaccines. Conditionally, cell reprogramming (CR) makes it possible to rapidly expand and continually culture primary cells from surgical specimens, core or needle biopsies, and other minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens—for example, nasal cavity brushing from a variety of species including human, mouse, rat, horse, and ferret. These conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) preserve their lineage functions and provide biologically relevant and physiological conditions which are suitable for studies of viral entry and replication, the innate immune responses of host cells, and the discovery of antiviral drugs. This Special Issue will focus on primary cell cultures, conditionally reprogrammed cells, 3D cultures including and air-liquid interface cultures for virus/host interaction, innate immunity to viral infection, modeling viral diseases, and the discovery of anti-viral drugs. 

Prof. Dr. Xuefeng Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • primary cell culture
  • conditional reprogramming (CR)
  • conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC)
  • organoids
  • air-liquid interface
  • viruses and host cell interaction
  • innate immunity
  • modeling viral diseases
  • anti-viral discovery

Published Papers (4 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

10 pages, 5074 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Culture of Canine Ocular Cells That Maintain Canine Papillomaviruses
by Dan Zhou, Aibing Wang, Sarah Maxwell, Richard Schlegel and Hang Yuan
Viruses 2022, 14(12), 2675; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122675 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
Canine ocular papillomas occur on the haired skin of eyelids, conjunctival epithelium, and rarely on the cornea. Using PCR typing assays with canine papillomavirus type-specific primer sets, our study confirmed that the papillomas contained canine papillomavirus type 1. The positive result from a [...] Read more.
Canine ocular papillomas occur on the haired skin of eyelids, conjunctival epithelium, and rarely on the cornea. Using PCR typing assays with canine papillomavirus type-specific primer sets, our study confirmed that the papillomas contained canine papillomavirus type 1. The positive result from a rolling circle amplification assay indicated the CPV1 viral genome in the cells is a circular episomal form. We also successfully established the first canine corneal cell line using the conditional reprogramming method. The cells exhibited an epithelial cell morphology, grew rapidly in vitro, and could be maintained long term. For the continued growth of the canine corneal cells, feeder cells played a more important role than Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632. More importantly, the viral CPV1 genome was maintained in the canine corneal cells during the long-term expansion. Unlimited supplies of these cells provide as a model for the study CPV in dog cells, and a platform for drug screening for effective therapies against canine papillomavirus infection in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditional Cell Reprogramming: Applications in Virology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 2562 KiB  
Article
Detection of HPV RNA in Extracellular Vesicles from Neuroendocrine Cervical Cancer Cells
by Faris Alkhilaiwi and Hang Yuan
Viruses 2022, 14(10), 2226; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102226 - 10 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1819
Abstract
Background: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is an aggressive and rare type of cervical cancer. The five-year overall survival is low at 30% and there is no standardized therapy based on controlled trials for this type of tumour. Most are locally advanced [...] Read more.
Background: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is an aggressive and rare type of cervical cancer. The five-year overall survival is low at 30% and there is no standardized therapy based on controlled trials for this type of tumour. Most are locally advanced or metastasized at the time of the diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be a carrier of viral DNA/RNA, given their vital role in cellular communication. The content of EV derived from NECC cells has not been investigated due to the lack of cell line, and it is not known whether they contain human papillomaviruses (HPV) DNA/RNA or not. Methods: The presence of viral E7 DNA/RNA in EVs purified from a culture of a recently established NECC cell line, GUMC-395, was evaluated by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). These EVs were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) for size distribution, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology, Western blot for CD63, and bioanalyser for RNA quantity and quality. Results: HPV16 viral-RNA, but not DNA, was detected in EVs from GUMC-395 using ddPCR. NTA identified EVs with a mean diameter of 105.0 nm, TEM confirmed normal morphological shape and size, and Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of EV-associated proteins CD63. The EVs were found to be enriched with small RNAs using a bioanalyser. Conclusions: HPV16 RNA is found in EVs from a neuroendocrine cervical cancer and could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and used as a diagnostic biomarker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditional Cell Reprogramming: Applications in Virology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2886 KiB  
Article
The First Human Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia Cell Line with Naturally Infected Episomal HPV18 Genome
by Ming Wu, Xiu Zhang, Yiyi Kang, Yaqi Zhu, Zhaoyu Su, Jun Liu, Wei Zhang, Hong Chen and Hui Li
Viruses 2022, 14(9), 2054; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14092054 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1908
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV leads to cervical cancers and other anogenital cancers and head and neck carcinomas in both men and women. There is no effective drug fortreating HPV infection and HPV-associated carcinomas, largely due to a lack of models of natural [...] Read more.
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV leads to cervical cancers and other anogenital cancers and head and neck carcinomas in both men and women. There is no effective drug fortreating HPV infection and HPV-associated carcinomas, largely due to a lack of models of natural HPV infection and the complexity of the HPV life cycle. There are no available cell lines from vulvar, anal, or penile lesions and cancers in the field. In this study, we established the first human cell line from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) with naturally infected HPV18 by conditional reprogramming (CR) method. Our data demonstrated that VIN cells possessed different biological characteristics and diploid karyotypes from HPV18-positive cancer cells (HeLa). Then, we determined that VIN cells contained episomal HPV18 using approaches including the ratio of HPV E2copy/E7copy, rolling cycle amplification, and sequencing. The VIN cells expressed squamous epithelium-specific markers that are different from HeLa cells, a cervical adenocarcinoma cell line. When cultured under 3D air–liquid interface (ALI) system, we observed the expression of both early and late differentiation markers involucrin and filaggrin. Most importantly, we were able to detect the expression of viral late gene L1 in the cornified layer of ALI 3D culture derived from VIN cells, suggesting quite different HPV genomic status from cancer cells. We also observed progeny viral particles under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in ALI 3D cultures, confirming the episomal HPV18 genome and active viral life cycle in the new cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first human VIN cell line with naturally infected HPV18 genome and provides a valuable model for HPV biology studies, HPV-associated cancer initiation and progression, and drug-screening platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditional Cell Reprogramming: Applications in Virology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

15 pages, 1060 KiB  
Review
Conditional Cell Reprogramming and Air–Liquid Interface Modeling Life Cycle of Oncogenic Viruses (HPV and EBV) in Epithelial Cells and Virus-Associated Human Carcinomas
by Abdul Qawee Rani, Dilber Nurmemet, Joseph Liffick, Anam Khan, Darrion Mitchell, Jenny Li, Bo Zhao and Xuefeng Liu
Viruses 2023, 15(6), 1388; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061388 - 17 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2123
Abstract
Several oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 20% of human cancers. Experimental models are crucial for studying the pathogenicity and biological aspects of oncogenic viruses and their potential mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Current cell models have considerable limitations such as: their low yield, genetic [...] Read more.
Several oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 20% of human cancers. Experimental models are crucial for studying the pathogenicity and biological aspects of oncogenic viruses and their potential mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Current cell models have considerable limitations such as: their low yield, genetic and epigenetic modification, and reduction in tumor heterogeneity during long propagation. Cancer cell lines are limited and not appropriate for studying the viral life cycle, for example, natural viral life cycles of HPV and EBV, and their persistence and latency in epithelial cells are poorly understood, since these processes are highly related to epithelial differentiation. Therefore, there is an urgent need of reliable human physiological cell models to study viral life cycle and cancer initiation. Conditional cell reprogramming (CCR) is a rapid and robust cell culture system, where the cells can be established from minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens and their lineage functions preserved during the long-term culture. These CR cells retain their ability to differentiate at air–liquid interface (ALI). Here, we recapitulated the applications of CR and ALI approaches in modeling host–virus interactions and viral-mediated tumorigenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditional Cell Reprogramming: Applications in Virology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-4
Back to TopTop