One Health Approach: Tackling the Spillover of Zoonotic Viruses from Wildlife to Humans

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1468

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Smithsonian Institution, National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
Interests: eco-epidemiology and One Health approaches; virus–host dynamics across wildlife, livestock, and human populations, with a focus on zoonotic spillover risk; epidemiological analysis of natural reservoirs integrating fieldwork, lab-based virology, and data-driven approaches to support conservation biology, public health response, and pandemic preparedness
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Guest Editor
Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA
Interests: transdisciplinary approaches to pressing applied ecology issues, particularly of conservation and sustainable development concern; the human dimensions of conservation; land use-induced spillover; zoonoses risk analyses for the international wildlife trade pathway; translating science into policy at national and international levels of influence

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Guest Editor
Centre for Biosecurity Studies, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados
Interests: biosecurity; zoonoses; climate change; wildlife; infectious diseases; One Health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The spillover of zoonotic viruses from wildlife to humans presents a critical global health challenge, exemplified by recent pandemics originating from animal reservoirs. The One Health approach (i.e., integrated human, animal, and environmental health) is paramount in addressing these complex threats. This transdisciplinary framework emphasises the interconnectedness of ecosystems, recognising that human well-being is intrinsically linked to wildlife and environmental health. To mitigate spillover events, it is essential to implement robust surveillance systems in high-risk interfaces, such as wildlife markets and deforestation zones. Enhanced virological monitoring with genomic sequencing can identify potential pathogens before they cross species barriers. Moreover, reducing human-wildlife contact through sustainable land-use policies and promoting biodiversity conservation are pivotal strategies. Collaborative efforts across veterinary, medical, and ecological sciences are needed to develop predictive models and early warning systems. Public health interventions must also incorporate socio-economic and cultural factors, addressing drivers like poverty, food security, and environmental justice that exacerbate exposure risks. The One Health approach aims to build resilient health systems to prevent future pandemics by fostering global partnerships and data sharing. This special issue welcomes innovative research and policy analyses at this nexus, contributing to a holistic understanding of zoonotic spillover and its containment. Given recent setbacks in the funding and governance structures needed to mitigate spillover risk, we also welcome papers that address these barriers from multiple perspectives, especially those focusing on visionary problem-solving and the empowerment of the scientific community. Contributions that integrate social and biological sciences are encouraged.

Dr. Gilberto Sabino-Santos
Dr. Jamie Kristine Reaser
Dr. Kirk Douglas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • One Health
  • spillover
  • viruses
  • emerging viruses

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 1793 KB  
Article
Seroprevalence of Arboviruses and Genetic Characterization of Orbiviruses in Sloths from Western Panama
by Rita Corrales, Yamilka Díaz, Vanessa Pineda, Yaneth Pitti, Lisseth Saenz, Jean-Paul Carrera, Celestino Aguilar, Alexander Martínez, Maria Chen-Germán, Kathryn A. Hanley, Nikos Vasilakis, Robert B. Tesh, Azael Saldaña and Sandra López-Vergès
Viruses 2025, 17(11), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17111507 - 17 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an increasingly significant threat to public health in tropical regions. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of various arboviruses in two species of sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) in rural and peri-urban areas of Western [...] Read more.
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an increasingly significant threat to public health in tropical regions. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of various arboviruses in two species of sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) in rural and peri-urban areas of Western Panama province. Between 2013 and 2018, blood samples from 60 sloths were tested for neutralizing antibodies against ten arboviruses. Significant variation in seroprevalence of different arboviruses was observed: 6.7% of sloths were seropositive for Madariaga virus, 6.7% for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and 4.8% for Oropouche virus, while none were seropositive for dengue type 2, Zika, chikungunya, Una, Mayaro, or Punta Toro viruses. Notably, two Changuinola virus (CGLV) strains, which were previously isolated from Panamanian sloths in the 1970s, showed high seroprevalence: Pansloth 149 (23.3%) and D50 (53.3%). Given the high seroprevalence detected in our study and the lack of genomic characterization of the historical Pansloth 149 isolate, we performed next-generation sequencing of its complete genome using Illumina technology to understand its genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship with other CGLV strains. Full article
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