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Special Issue "Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2023"

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A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2023 | Viewed by 3321

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Douglas Gladue

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Guest Editor

Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
Interests: ASFV; CSFV; PRRSV; PEDV; PDCoV; SwIV; FMDV; swine viruses
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the success of the “Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses” series (see the 2020, 2021, and 2022 editions), we are editing a 2023 edition of this very popular topic for new submissions.

The main topic of this Special Issue is agriculturally important swine viruses that have an effect on swine production or overall swine health. This includes viruses that have recently caused outbreaks, for example, African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe and Asia and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in Japan, which are causing devastating losses to the swine industry. Endemic swine viruses include porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), swine influenza virus (SwIV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Senecavirus A (SVA), swine influenza, porcine circovirus (PCV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), and any other endemic or emerging porcine viruses.

Dr. Douglas Gladue
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

African swine fever virus (ASFV)
classical swine fever virus (CSFV)
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)
swine influenza virus (SwIV)
foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Seasonal Occurrence of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in EU Member States

and

Viruses 2023, 15(9), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091955 - 20 Sep 2023

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Abstract

Since 2007, African swine fever (ASF) has spread widely within Europe and beyond. Most affected countries recorded outbreaks in domestic pigs and cases in wild boar. Outbreak data from 2014 to 2021 were used to investigate the seasonal pattern of ASF in domestic pigs and wild boar across affected member states of the European Union, since knowledge of seasonal patterns may provide the potential to adapt prevention, surveillance and control during times of increased risk. In domestic pigs, a yearly peak was observed in many European countries in summer (predominantly in July and August). In wild boar, the patterns showed more variability. In many countries, there was a seasonal peak of ASF occurrence in winter (predominantly in January and December), with an additional summer peak in the Baltic States (predominantly in July) and a further spring peak in Poland (predominantly in March). The observed seasonal effects may be related to the abundance and population dynamics of wild boar and to seasonality in pig farming. Moreover, ASF occurrence may also be influenced by human activities in both domestic pigs and wild boar. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2023)

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Open AccessArticle

The 2022 Outbreaks of African Swine Fever Virus Demonstrate the First Report of Genotype II in Ghana

Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina

and

Viruses 2023, 15(8), 1722; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081722 - 11 Aug 2023

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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease of domestic pigs that has been causing outbreaks for over a century in Africa ever since its first discovery in 1921. Since 1957, there have been sporadic outbreaks outside of Africa; however, no outbreak has been as devastating and as far-reaching as the current pandemic that originated from a 2007 outbreak in the Republic of Georgia. Derivatives with a high degree of similarity to the progenitor strain, ASFV-Georgia/2007, have been sequenced from various countries in Europe and Asia. However, the current strains circulating in Africa are largely unknown, and 24 different genotypes have been implicated in different outbreaks. In this study, ASF isolates were collected from samples from swine suspected of dying from ASF on farms in Ghana in early 2022. While previous studies determined that the circulating strains in Ghana were p72 Genotype I, we demonstrate here that the strains circulating in 2022 were derivatives of the p72 Genotype II pandemic strain. Therefore, this study demonstrates for the first time the emergence of Genotype II ASFV in Ghana. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2023)

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Open AccessArticle

Classical Swine Fever Virus Structural Glycoprotein E2 Interacts with Host Protein ACADM during the Virus Infectious Cycle

Elizabeth Vuono

Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina

and

Viruses 2023, 15(5), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051036 - 23 Apr 2023

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Abstract

The E2 glycoprotein is one of the four structural proteins of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) particle. E2 has been shown to be involved in many virus functions, including adsorption to host cells, virus virulence and interaction with several host proteins. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have previously shown that the CSFV E2 specifically interacts with swine host protein medium-chain-specific acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACADM), an enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Here, we show that interaction between ACADM and E2 also happens in swine cells infected with CSFV using two different procedures: coimmunoprecipitation and a proximity ligation assay (PLA). In addition, the amino acid residues in E2 critically mediating the interaction with ACADM, M49 and P130 were identified via a reverse yeast two-hybrid screen using an expression library composed of randomly mutated versions of E2. A recombinant CSFV, E2ΔACADMv, harboring substitutions at residues M49I and P130Q in E2, was developed via reverse genomics from the highly virulent Brescia isolate. E2ΔACADMv was shown to have the same kinetics growth in swine primary macrophages and SK6 cell cultures as the parental Brescia strain. Similarly, E2ΔACADMv demonstrated a similar level of virulence when inoculated to domestic pigs as the parental Brescia. Animals intranasally inoculated with 10⁵ TCID₅₀ developed a lethal form of clinical disease with virological and hematological kinetics changes undistinguishable from those produced by the parental strain. Therefore, interaction between CSFV E2 and host ACADM is not critically involved in the processes of virus replication and disease production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2023)

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Open AccessArticle

High-Risk Regions of African Swine Fever Infection in Mozambique

Azido Ribeiro Mataca

Francisco Alyson Silva Oliveira

Ângelo André Lampeão

José Pereira Mendonça

Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira

Rinaldo Aparecido Mota

Wagnner José Nascimento Porto

David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz

and

Abelardo Silva-Júnior

Viruses 2023, 15(4), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15041010 - 20 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1119

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a transboundary infectious disease that can infect wild and domestic swine and requires enhanced surveillance between countries. In Mozambique, ASF has been reported across the country, spreading between provinces, mainly through the movement of pigs and their by-products. Subsequently, pigs from bordering countries were at risk of exposure. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and temporal trends of ASF in swine in Mozambique between 2000 and 2020. During this period, 28,624 cases of ASF were reported across three regions of the country. In total, the northern, central, and southern regions presented 64.9, 17.8, and 17.3% of the total cases, respectively. When analyzing the incidence risk (IR) of ASF per 100,000 pigs, the Cabo Delgado province had the highest IR (17,301.1), followed by the Maputo province (8868.6). In the space-time analysis, three clusters were formed in each region: (i) Cluster A involved the provinces of Cabo Delgado and Nampula (north), (ii) Cluster B involved the province of Maputo and the city of Maputo (south), and (iii) Cluster C consisted of the provinces of Manica and Sofala (central) in 2006. However, when analyzing the temporal trend in the provinces, most were found to be decreasing, except for Sofala, Inhambane, and Maputo, which had a stationary trend. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the spatial distribution of ASF in Mozambique. These findings will contribute to increasing official ASF control programs by identifying high-risk areas and raising awareness of the importance of controlling the borders between provinces and countries to prevent their spread to other regions of the world. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic and Emerging Swine Viruses 2023)

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