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Viruses
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B Cell-Mediated Immunity to Viruses
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B Cell-Mediated Immunity to Viruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 4642

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Haiyan Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: B cell; immune response; emerging viruses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

B cell-mediated humoral immune response, also known as antibody-mediated response, plays a critical role in host defense against invading pathogens and is a key determinant for the development of most effective vaccines. Studying broadly neutralizing antibodies and understanding the rules for eliciting broadly neutralizing B cell responses will help antibody-based therapies and vaccine development. In addition, antibody functions are varied, and not all pathogen-specific antibodies benefit the host. Hence, the scope of this topic is related to B cell development, function, epitopes and application in the face of infectious pathogens.

Prof. Dr. Haiyan Zhao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • broadly neutralizing antibodies
  • protective antibodies
  • non-protective antibodies
  • epitopes
  • epitope-based vaccine design
  • B cell development
  • B cell repertoire

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5015 KiB  
Article
Superior Potency of Synthetic Virus-like Structures in Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses Compared to Qβ Bacteriophage Virus-like Particles
by Alexander R. Meyer, Libo Li, Wei-Yun Wholey, Bryce Chackerian and Wei Cheng
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040579 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 239
Abstract
Virus-like particles are a well-established platform for vaccines, although the molecular mechanisms that underlie the extraordinary potency of many virus-like particles in eliciting strong antibody responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that synthetic virus-like structures, a new platform that we have recently [...] Read more.
Virus-like particles are a well-established platform for vaccines, although the molecular mechanisms that underlie the extraordinary potency of many virus-like particles in eliciting strong antibody responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that synthetic virus-like structures, a new platform that we have recently developed, are superior to bacteriophage Qβ-based virus-like particles for the induction of long-term neutralizing antibody responses. For the same antigen, both platforms induced antibodies with comparable affinities. The resulting antigen-specific antibodies had similar binding on-rates and off-rates. However, synthetic virus-like structures induced a much higher concentration of functional antibodies in the serum than Qβ-based virus-like particles, suggesting that synthetic virus-like structures are more potent than Qβ-based virus-like particles in the induction of long-lived plasma cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue B Cell-Mediated Immunity to Viruses)
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16 pages, 4757 KiB  
Article
A hTfR1 Receptor-Specific VHH Antibody Neutralizes Pseudoviruses Expressing Glycoproteins from Junín and Machupo Viruses
by Qinglin Kang, Gege Li, Yan Wu, Shaoyan Wang, Zhengshan Chen, Xiaodong Zai, Xiaoyan Pan, Rong Wang, Jiansheng Lu, Peng Du, Zhixin Yang, Xiangyang Chi, Gengfu Xiao and Junjie Xu
Viruses 2024, 16(12), 1951; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121951 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1470
Abstract
The Junín virus (JUNV) is one of the New World arenaviruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1) has been identified as the main receptor for JUNV for virus entry into host cells. To date, no treatment has been approved [...] Read more.
The Junín virus (JUNV) is one of the New World arenaviruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1) has been identified as the main receptor for JUNV for virus entry into host cells. To date, no treatment has been approved for JUNV. Herein, we investigated 12 anti-hTfR1 VHH (variable domain of the heavy chain of heavy-chain antibody) antibodies and confirmed their interaction with hTfR1. Most of them could bind to the hTfR1 apical domain, which is the glycoprotein 1 (GP1) binding domain of JUNV. Among them, 18N18 exhibited neutralizing activity against both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-vectored lentiviral Junín pseudoviruses and the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored Junín pseudoviruses. We also verified that 18N18 blocked the interaction between hTfR1 and JUNV GP1. In addition, 18N18 could neutralize another New World arenavirus, the Machupo virus. Using AlphaFold 3-based simulation of 18N18–hTfR1 docking, we determined that 18N18’s binding epitope was located at the JUNV GP1 binding epitope. 18N18 represents a candidate for JUNV treatment and provides a potential approach that could be applied to New World arenaviruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue B Cell-Mediated Immunity to Viruses)
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Other

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9 pages, 2647 KiB  
Brief Report
The Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against the MPXV A29L Protein
by Wenlong Zhu, Mengjia Zhang, Mengdi Zhang, Ran Jing, Jiaru Zhou, Hua Cao, Changcheng Liu, Hongmei Zhu, Ahmed H. Ghonaim, Sherin R. Rouby and Wentao Li
Viruses 2024, 16(8), 1184; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081184 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2108
Abstract
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), a DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, in the Poxviridae family. The disease constitutes a moderate risk to public health at the global level. The MPXV A29L protein [...] Read more.
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), a DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, in the Poxviridae family. The disease constitutes a moderate risk to public health at the global level. The MPXV A29L protein plays a crucial role in coordinating virion assembly and facilitating important virus-host interactions. This study focused on the expression, purification, and recombinant protein synthesis of the A29L protein of MPXV using prokaryotic systems. Using hybridoma technology, we successfully generated the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 1E12 and 4B2, which specifically recognize the A29L protein. These mAbs were found to be suitable for use in indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA), Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation (IP). Our investigation also revealed that mAbs 1E12 and 4B2 could detect the A27L protein, a homologous protein found in the vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VACV WR) strain, using IFA, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation (IP). Using mAbs 1E12 and 4B2 as primary immunological probes, A27L protein expression was detected as early as 6 h postinfection with VACV WR, with increasing protein levels being observed throughout the infection. This study enhances our understanding of the protein structure and function of MPXV and contributes to the development of specific MPXV detection methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue B Cell-Mediated Immunity to Viruses)
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