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Viruses
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Avian Reovirus
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Avian Reovirus

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 2972

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sunil Mor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Interests: detection and characterization of emerging, zoonotic, and transboundary viruses; development of molecular diagnostic tools for the early detection of emerging viruses; pathogenesis study; to develop controland prevention measures; vaccines

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Avian reoviruses (ARVs) are ubiquitous in domestic poultry, with 80% of them being non-pathogenic, but they are also implicated in enteritis, hepatitis, neurological disorders, myocarditis, respiratory distress, and viral arthritis/tenosynovitis in chickens, ducks, goose, wild birds, and turkeys. Clinical diseases associated with ARVs are mostly dependent on the age and immune status of the affected host, virus pathotype, and route of exposure (oral, intratracheal, footpad, or subcutaneous).

In this Special Issue, we welcome a wide range of articles, including original research, short communications, and reviews, that focus on pathogenesis, virus evolution, reassortment, molecular markers to determine tissue tropism and serotyping, nomenclature, phylodynamic analysis, genotyping, diagnostics, and control measures, e.g., vaccines.

We look forward to receiving your submissions for this Special Issue.

Dr. Sunil Mor
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • avian reovirus
  • pathogenesis
  • reassortment
  • virus evolution
  • vaccines

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2664 KiB  
Article
Tissue-Specific Transcriptomic Responses to Avian Reovirus Inoculation in Ovo
by Zubair Khalid, Shahna Fathima and Ruediger Hauck
Viruses 2025, 17(5), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050646 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections significantly impact the global poultry industry, but host responses across infection models remain poorly characterized. Using specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos, this study examined tissue-specific transcriptomic changes following in ovo inoculation with two doses of ARV S1133 at embryonic day 18. [...] Read more.
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections significantly impact the global poultry industry, but host responses across infection models remain poorly characterized. Using specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos, this study examined tissue-specific transcriptomic changes following in ovo inoculation with two doses of ARV S1133 at embryonic day 18. Quantitative PCR confirmed dose- and time-dependent viral replication, with the liver exhibiting the highest viral load at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi), whereas the kidneys, intestines, and bursa were only positive at 48 hpi with the higher viral dose. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the intestines mounted an extensive gene expression response, implicating early immune activation. Liver samples demonstrated strong upregulation of antiviral pathways, including interferon signaling and viral replication inhibition, while kidneys and intestines were enriched for coagulation and wound healing pathways. The bursae exhibited minimal immunity-related responses, suggesting insufficient maturation. Functional analyses confirmed tissue-specific immune and metabolic adaptations to infection. These findings indicate that ARV replication efficiency and host molecular responses are dose-, tissue-, and time-dependent. Notably, intestinal responses suggest preemptive immune engagement, while hepatic antiviral mechanisms may play a critical role in restricting viral spread. This study establishes foundational knowledge of host molecular responses to ARV in late-stage embryos, with implications for in ovo vaccination and early immunity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Avian Reovirus)

Review

Jump to: Research

39 pages, 6668 KiB  
Review
Avian Reovirus: From Molecular Biology to Pathogenesis and Control
by Islam Nour and Sujit K. Mohanty
Viruses 2024, 16(12), 1966; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121966 - 23 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2625
Abstract
Avian reoviruses (ARVs) represent a significant economic burden on the poultry industry due to their widespread prevalence and potential pathogenicity. These viruses, capable of infecting a diverse range of avian species, can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, most notably tenosynovitis/arthritis. While [...] Read more.
Avian reoviruses (ARVs) represent a significant economic burden on the poultry industry due to their widespread prevalence and potential pathogenicity. These viruses, capable of infecting a diverse range of avian species, can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, most notably tenosynovitis/arthritis. While many ARV strains are asymptomatic, pathogenic variants can cause severe inflammation and tissue damage in organs such as the tendons, heart, and liver. In broilers and turkeys, ARVs can induce severe arthritis/tenosynovitis, characterized by swollen hock joints and lesions in the gastrocnemius tendons. Additionally, ARVs have been implicated in other diseases, although their precise role in these conditions remains to be fully elucidated. In recent years, ARV cases have surged in the United States, emphasizing the need for effective control measures. Routine vaccination with commercial or autogenous vaccines is currently the primary strategy for mitigating ARV’s impact. Future research efforts should focus on enhancing our understanding of ARV-induced pathogenesis, identifying host factors that influence disease severity, and developing novel vaccines based on ongoing surveillance of circulating ARV strains. This review aims to explore the molecular aspects of ARV, including virus structure, replication, molecular epidemiology, the roles of its encoded proteins in host pathogenesis, and the immune response to ARV infection. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic approaches of avian reovirus and the potential biosecurity measures and vaccination trials in combating ARV and developing effective antiviral strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Avian Reovirus)
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