Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 1546

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. “Agrippa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
2. Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; healthcare-associated infections; severe infections; emerging infectious diseases; viral infections

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Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: antibiotic resistance and new therapies; sepsis; emergent diseases; imported tropical diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The main purpose of this Special Issue is to raise awareness of emerging and re-emerging infections, as well as their potential implications for public health.

In the last two decades, the world’s population has been exposed to threats caused by emerging infectious diseases, such as hemorrhagic fevers and infections with new strains of influenza viruses or coronaviruses. For example, the recent COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus infection, constitutes one of the main threats to global health in the last century. Re-emerging infectious diseases such as measles, poliomyelitis and diphtheria, considered for a long time to have low epidemiological risk, currently represent possible threats to public health as a result of the reduction in vaccination rates at the population level and population migration.

From international tourists to war-displaced refugees, more people are on the move than ever before. International travel exacerbates the risk of contracting infections caused by tropical pathogens. Moreover, travel can amplify the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance and facilitate the spread of drug-resistant infections. It is estimated that 30% of international travelers acquire ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria during travel, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to define the current challenges associated with emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases, present new global and local epidemiological data, and discuss diagnostic and treatment challenges to improve the knowledge and promotion of infectious diseases with potential impacts on public health.

Kind regards,

Dr. Valeriu I. Gheorghiţǎ
Dr. Simin-Aysel Florescu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • emerging infectious diseases
  • travel-related infections
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • travel-associated antimicrobial resistance
  • tropical diseases

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 3254 KiB  
Article
Mapping Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Hunan Province, China
by Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Archie C. A. Clements, Zuhui Xu, Liqiong Bai and Kefyalew Addis Alene
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10010003 - 24 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in China, with varying treatment outcomes across different regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions to improve treatment success in high-burden areas such as Hunan Province. [...] Read more.
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in China, with varying treatment outcomes across different regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions to improve treatment success in high-burden areas such as Hunan Province. This study aimed to map the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes at a local level and identify sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, China. Methods: A spatial analysis was conducted using DR-TB data from the Tuberculosis Control Institute of Hunan Province, covering the years 2013 to 2018. The outcome variable, the proportion of poor treatment outcomes, was defined as a composite measure of treatment failure, death, and loss to follow-up. Sociodemographic, economic, healthcare, and environmental variables were obtained from various sources, including the WorldClim database, the Malaria Atlas Project, and the Hunan Bureau of Statistics. These covariates were linked to a map of Hunan Province and DR-TB notification data using R software version 4.4.0. The spatial clustering of poor treatment outcomes was analyzed using the local Moran’s I and Getis–Ord statistics. A Bayesian logistic regression model was fitted, with the posterior parameters estimated using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). Results: In total, 1381 DR-TB patients were included in the analysis. An overall upward trend in poor DR-TB treatment outcomes was observed, peaking at 14.75% in 2018. Deaths and treatment failures fluctuated over the years, with a notable increase in deaths from 2016 to 2018, while the proportion of patients lost to follow-up significantly declined from 2014 to 2018. The overall proportion of poor treatment outcomes was 9.99% (95% credible interval (CI): 8.46% to 11.70%), with substantial spatial clustering, particularly in Anxiang (50%), Anren (50%), and Chaling (42.86%) counties. The proportion of city-level indicators was significantly associated with higher proportions of poor treatment outcomes (odds ratio (OR): 1.011; 95% CRI: 1.20 December 2024 001–1.035). Conclusions: This study found a concerning increase in poor DR-TB treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, particularly in certain high-risk areas. Targeted public health interventions, including enhanced surveillance, focused healthcare initiatives, and treatment programs, are essential to improve treatment success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health)
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