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TropicalMed
Special Issues
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health
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Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 1884

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Valeriu I. Gheorghiţǎ

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. “Agrippa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
2. Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; healthcare-associated infections; severe infections; emerging infectious diseases; viral infections
Dr. Simin-Aysel Florescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: antibiotic resistance and new therapies; sepsis; emergent diseases; imported tropical diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The main purpose of this Special Issue is to raise awareness of emerging and re-emerging infections, as well as their potential implications for public health.

In the last two decades, the world’s population has been exposed to threats caused by emerging infectious diseases, such as hemorrhagic fevers and infections with new strains of influenza viruses or coronaviruses. For example, the recent COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus infection, constitutes one of the main threats to global health in the last century. Re-emerging infectious diseases such as measles, poliomyelitis and diphtheria, considered for a long time to have low epidemiological risk, currently represent possible threats to public health as a result of the reduction in vaccination rates at the population level and population migration.

From international tourists to war-displaced refugees, more people are on the move than ever before. International travel exacerbates the risk of contracting infections caused by tropical pathogens. Moreover, travel can amplify the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance and facilitate the spread of drug-resistant infections. It is estimated that 30% of international travelers acquire ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria during travel, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to define the current challenges associated with emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases, present new global and local epidemiological data, and discuss diagnostic and treatment challenges to improve the knowledge and promotion of infectious diseases with potential impacts on public health.

Kind regards,

Dr. Valeriu I. Gheorghiţǎ
Dr. Simin-Aysel Florescu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging infectious diseases
  • travel-related infections
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • travel-associated antimicrobial resistance
  • tropical diseases

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 1062 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of the Brixia Radiological Score in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study from Romania
by George-Cosmin Popovici, Costinela-Valerica Georgescu, Alina Condratovici Plesea, Anca-Adriana Arbune, Gutu Cristian and Manuela Arbune
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(5), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050130 - 12 May 2025
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Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, has a variable clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic to critical forms. High mortality and morbidity rates have been associated with risk factors such as comorbidities, age, sex, and virulence factors specific to viral variants. Material and Methods: We [...] Read more.
The novel coronavirus pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, has a variable clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic to critical forms. High mortality and morbidity rates have been associated with risk factors such as comorbidities, age, sex, and virulence factors specific to viral variants. Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated imaging characteristics using the Brixia radiological score in relation to favorable or unfavorable outcomes in adult patients. We included COVID-19 cases, admitted between 2020 and 2022, in a specialized pulmonology hospital with no intensive care unit. We analyzed 380 virologically confirmed COVID-19 cases, with a mean age of 52.8 ± 13.02 years. The mean Brixia radiological score at admission was 5.13 ± 3.56, reflecting predominantly mild-to-moderate pulmonary involvement. Multivariate analysis highlighted the utility of this score as a predictive marker for COVID-19 prognosis, with values >5 correlating with other severity biomarkers, NEWS-2 scores, and a lack of vaccination and hospitalization delay of more than 6 days from symptom onset. Summarizing, the Brixia score is itself an effective tool for screening COVID-19 cases at risk of death for early recognition of clinical deterioration and for decisions regarding appropriate care settings. Promoting vaccination can reduce the severity of radiological lesions, thereby decreasing the risk of death. Technologies based on artificial intelligence could optimize diagnosis and management decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health)
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15 pages, 3254 KiB  
Article
Mapping Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Hunan Province, China
by Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Archie C. A. Clements, Zuhui Xu, Liqiong Bai and Kefyalew Addis Alene
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10010003 - 24 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in China, with varying treatment outcomes across different regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions to improve treatment success in high-burden areas such as Hunan Province. [...] Read more.
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in China, with varying treatment outcomes across different regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions to improve treatment success in high-burden areas such as Hunan Province. This study aimed to map the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes at a local level and identify sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, China. Methods: A spatial analysis was conducted using DR-TB data from the Tuberculosis Control Institute of Hunan Province, covering the years 2013 to 2018. The outcome variable, the proportion of poor treatment outcomes, was defined as a composite measure of treatment failure, death, and loss to follow-up. Sociodemographic, economic, healthcare, and environmental variables were obtained from various sources, including the WorldClim database, the Malaria Atlas Project, and the Hunan Bureau of Statistics. These covariates were linked to a map of Hunan Province and DR-TB notification data using R software version 4.4.0. The spatial clustering of poor treatment outcomes was analyzed using the local Moran’s I and Getis–Ord statistics. A Bayesian logistic regression model was fitted, with the posterior parameters estimated using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). Results: In total, 1381 DR-TB patients were included in the analysis. An overall upward trend in poor DR-TB treatment outcomes was observed, peaking at 14.75% in 2018. Deaths and treatment failures fluctuated over the years, with a notable increase in deaths from 2016 to 2018, while the proportion of patients lost to follow-up significantly declined from 2014 to 2018. The overall proportion of poor treatment outcomes was 9.99% (95% credible interval (CI): 8.46% to 11.70%), with substantial spatial clustering, particularly in Anxiang (50%), Anren (50%), and Chaling (42.86%) counties. The proportion of city-level indicators was significantly associated with higher proportions of poor treatment outcomes (odds ratio (OR): 1.011; 95% CRI: 1.20 December 2024 001–1.035). Conclusions: This study found a concerning increase in poor DR-TB treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, particularly in certain high-risk areas. Targeted public health interventions, including enhanced surveillance, focused healthcare initiatives, and treatment programs, are essential to improve treatment success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health)
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