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TropicalMed
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Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection
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Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 22 August 2025 | Viewed by 8113

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
Interests: human papillomavirus infection; molecular epidemiology; genetic diversity; viral evolution and phylogenetics; genomics; bioinformatics
Prof. Dr. Bárbara Simas Chagas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
Interests: human papillomavirus; molecular biology; epidemiology; genetic diversity; functional analysis.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important sexually transmitted infectious agent that is associated with various types of cancer. In women, HPV infection is mainly related to the development of cervical lesions, which can progress to cervical cancer.

HPV belongs to the Papillomaviridae family, which is formed by more than 200 viral genotypes. Among them are structural differences that allow the epidemiological classification into high risk, probable high risk and low risk for developing cancer. Therefore, understanding the epidemiology of HPV infection and the distribution of HPV genotypes is relevant for assessing cervical cancer risk in women.

In addition, studies have observed the potential for oncological risk among variants of high-risk HPV types, based on the clinical analysis of patients associated with molecular diagnosis. The variants have shown a set of polymorphisms that point to distinct risks for the development of high-risk lesions and cancer, since different variant strains can present different oncogenic potentials, especially when taking into account the different geographic origins and evolutionary modifications of the virus and the host, creating a different clinical profile among populations.

We welcome submissions of research and review articles on any relevant topics that involve the epidemiological aspects of HPV infection, HPV infection control, and the genetic diversity of high-risk HPV types and their respective oncogenic potentials.

Prof. Dr. Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista
Prof. Dr. Bárbara Simas Chagas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • human papillomavirus infection
  • epidemiology
  • HPV genetic diversity
  • infection control
  • molecular diagnostic methods

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
Epidemiological Profile of HPV Genotypes Among Moroccan Women with High-Grade Squamous Lesions and Invasive Cervical Cancer from Souss-Massa Region
by Hanane Rogua, Laila Ferrera, Nezha El Mansouri, Mohamed Nejmeddine and Said Chouham
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10030061 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among cervical cancer cases in Moroccan women living in the Souss-Massa region. A total of 155 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples were tested for the presence of HPV [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among cervical cancer cases in Moroccan women living in the Souss-Massa region. A total of 155 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using a semi-nested PCR assay. HPV genotypes were identified using a direct Sanger sequencing assay. The prevalence of HPV was 85.8%. HPV DNA was found in 87.5% of high squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) cases and 85.7% of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases. Ten distinct HPV genotypes were identified, including seven high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes and three low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes. Among HR-HPV genotypes, HPV16 was the most prevalent in both HSIL and ICC, detected, respectively, in 42.9% and 55.6% of cases. In ICC cases, HPV18 was the second most common genotype detected, in 10.3% of cases. In addition, HPV31, 33, 35, 45 and 58 were detected in 10.4% of ICC cases. LR-HPV genotypes, namely HPV62, 70 and 87, were detected in 2.4% of ICC cases. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) accounted for 4.1% of ICC cases, with HPV 16 and HPV 18 identified in 60% and 40% of these cases, respectively. Overall, our findings show that the genotypes covered by the bivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccines account, respectively, for 65.4% and 74.6%. These results highlight the importance of introducing HPV vaccination and primary HPV testing for mass screening in Morocco in order to effectively prevent and manage cervical cancer and ultimately save women’s lives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection)
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9 pages, 1676 KiB  
Article
HPV-51 or HPV-52 Infection Could Impair Sperm Quality in Infertile Patients: A Preliminary Study on Our Experience from North-Western Italy
by Claudia Omes, Mariangela Rienzi, Roberta Rossini, Manuela Piccinino and Rossella Elena Nappi
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10020036 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 910
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in all genders worldwide. Its association with male infertility is deeply investigated, although there are conflicting data on the role of the virus in the impairment of semen quality and [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in all genders worldwide. Its association with male infertility is deeply investigated, although there are conflicting data on the role of the virus in the impairment of semen quality and reduced reproductive outcomes. In this study, we considered 335 semen samples of males (age: 37.63 ± 6.02 years) belonging to infertile couples who did not conceive a pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Residual semen samples, after routine sperm analysis, were used to amplify and type viral DNA. Positive or negative HPV semen samples were compared. In total, 42.51% (139/327) were positive for at least one HPV genotype, and in 54.68% (76/139), positivity was due to a high-risk (HR) genotype. The most prevalent was HPV-16 (16.55%) followed by HPV-52 (10.07%) and HPV-51 (7.91%). Overall, no significant differences emerged in terms of sperm concentration, sperm motility, and morphology between the two groups. However, a considerable reduction in sperm motility was found in the presence of HPV-51 or HPV-52. These data point to the importance of HPV screening in semen analysis to evaluate patients that might have a higher risk of infertility according to the type of HPV genotype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection)
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13 pages, 4107 KiB  
Article
Field-Applicable Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Detection of Seven Common Human Papillomavirus Subtypes
by Hongyi Li, He Tan, Xiaona Lv, Zhiqiang Han, Yuxin Wang, Shijue Gao, Ruiqin Zhang, Xinxin Shen, Xuejun Ma and Yanqing Tie
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(10), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100240 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1036
Abstract
Persistent HPV infection is a major risk factor for the subsequent development of cervical cancer. LAMP is simple and suitable for field detection in the resource-limited settings. In this study, hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB)-based visual LAMP and evagreen-based fluorescent LAMP coupled with a [...] Read more.
Persistent HPV infection is a major risk factor for the subsequent development of cervical cancer. LAMP is simple and suitable for field detection in the resource-limited settings. In this study, hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB)-based visual LAMP and evagreen-based fluorescent LAMP coupled with a microfluidic chip (LAMP-chip) were established for the field detection of seven subtypes of HPV. The analytical sensitivity was 19–233 copies/reaction. The overall clinical sensitivity was 97.35% for visual LAMP and 98.23% for LAMP-chip. Both LAMP assays exhibited 100% specificity and were completed in less than 50 min. Additionally, both assays did not require complicated nucleic acid extraction and purification steps. A complete quality control monitoring system (including internal control, positive quality control and negative control) in the LAMP assays further ensured the credibility of the results. Our findings demonstrated that the proposed LAMP assays have the potential to be applied in the testing of common HPV DNA in field investigations (visual LAMP) or within communities and primary health centers (LAMP-chip). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection)
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16 pages, 1570 KiB  
Article
Identification and Functional Implications of the E5 Oncogene Polymorphisms of Human Papillomavirus Type 16
by Antônio Humberto P. da Silva-Júnior, Ruany Cristyne de Oliveira Silva, Ana Pavla A. Diniz Gurgel, Marconi Rêgo Barros-Júnior, Kamylla Conceição Gomes Nascimento, Daffany Luana Santos, Lindomar J. Pena, Rita de Cássia Pereira Lima, Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista, Bárbara Simas Chagas and Antonio Carlos de Freitas
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(7), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9070140 - 26 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1688
Abstract
The persistence of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection on the cervical epithelium contributes to the progression of cervical cancer. Studies have demonstrated that HPV16 genetic variants may be associated with different risks of developing cervical cancer. However, the E5 oncoprotein of [...] Read more.
The persistence of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection on the cervical epithelium contributes to the progression of cervical cancer. Studies have demonstrated that HPV16 genetic variants may be associated with different risks of developing cervical cancer. However, the E5 oncoprotein of HPV16, which is related to several cellular mechanisms in the initial phases of the infection and thus contributes to carcinogenesis, is still little studied. Here we investigate the HPV16 E5 oncogene variants to assess the effects of different mutations on the biological function of the E5 protein. We detected and analyzed the HPV16 E5 oncogene polymorphisms and their phylogenetic relationships. After that, we proposed a tertiary structure analysis of the protein variants, preferential codon usage, and functional activity of the HPV16 E5 protein. Intra-type variants were grouped in the lineages A and D using in silico analysis. The mutations in E5 were located in the T-cell epitopes region. We therefore analyzed the interference of the HPV16 E5 protein in the NF-kB pathway. Our results showed that the variants HPV16E5_49PE and HPV16E5_85PE did not increase the potential of the pathway activation capacity. This study provides additional knowledge about the mechanisms of dispersion of the HPV16 E5 variants, providing evidence that these variants may be relevant to the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection)
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11 pages, 841 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Abnormalities among Women Attending a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia over 2 Years
by Layla Faqih, Lama Alzamil, Esraa Aldawood, Sarah Alharbi, Moammer Muzzaffar, Amani Moqnas, Heba Almajed, Ahmed Alghamdi, Mohammed Alotaibi, Sultan Alhammadi and Yazeed Alwelaie
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(12), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8120511 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3392
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution varies according to the assessment method and the population targeted. This study aimed to assess HPV infection prevalence in women aged 23 to 82 with abnormal cytology attending King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using retrospective [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution varies according to the assessment method and the population targeted. This study aimed to assess HPV infection prevalence in women aged 23 to 82 with abnormal cytology attending King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using retrospective data collected from January 2021 to December 2022. Cytological distribution included 155 samples of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (n = 83), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (n = 46), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (n = 14), atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) (n = 10), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 2). All samples were submitted to HPV detection and genotyping using Xpert HPV assay specimens. The most prevalent epithelial abnormalities were ASCUS (53.50%). Positive HPV infection results were observed in 52.9% of the samples. The highest prevalence of HPV genotypes, accounting for 31%, was attributed to the other high-risk genotypes, including 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68, followed by high-risk genotype 16, which counted in 11.60% of cases. Individuals who tested positive for HPV 16 were at a high risk of ASC-H, HSIL, and LSIL. Those testing positive for HPV 18–45 exhibited an elevated risk of LSIL, and those with positive results for other high-risk HPV genotypes were at an increased risk of ASCUS and LSIL, suggesting a low oncogenic potential. The results suggest that the percentage of association between samples with abnormal cervical presentation and negative high-risk HPV diagnosis is noticeably increasing. This underscores the need for effective screening programs and an understanding of the impact of specific HPV genotypes on cervical abnormalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection)
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