Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anyirékun Fabrice Somé

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l’Ouest, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso
Interests: malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; antimalarial; drug resistance

Dr. Hanna Y. Ehrlich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Interests: disease dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite several efforts, malaria remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Progress made in malaria control has stalled over the last few years, threatened by the emergence and spread of resistance to components of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), the recommended first lines treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. For malaria prevention in children under five, amodiaquine–sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (AQ-SP) is largely used in West and Central Africa, while SP is used for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTP).

A number of studies in malaria-endemic countries have reported on the excellent efficacy of ACT for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and SMC in preventing malaria in children under five. However, the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance remain a concern that will greatly challenge the control and elimination of the disease. Taking the history of the emergence and spread of previous antimalarial drugs into account, it is a priority to monitor the efficacy of available antimalarial drugs in malaria-endemic countries. Current methods of monitoring antimalarial drug resistance rely mainly on in vivo studies, in vitro/ex vivo parasite sensitivity studies, and the detection of molecular markers mediating drug resistance in infected human subjects. The Special Issue aims to assemble recent data on antimalarial drug efficacy and resistance to enable the early detection of resistance and action to limit its spread.

Dr. Anyirékun Fabrice Somé
Dr. Hanna Y. Ehrlich
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
antimalarial
drug resistance

Published Papers (1 paper)

Research

13 pages, 1432 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Meta-Analysis of Data from Four Clinical Trials in the Ivory Coast Assessing the Efficacy of Two Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies (Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine) between 2009 and 2016

by Akoua Valérie Bédia-Tanoh, Kondo Fulgence Kassi, Offianan André Touré, Serge Brice Assi, Akpa Paterne Gnagne, Koffi Daho Adoubryn, Emmanuel Bissagnene, Abibatou Konaté, Jean Sebastien Miezan, Kpongbo Etienne Angora, Henriette Vanga-Bosson, Pulchérie Christiane Kiki-Barro, Vincent Djohan, William Yavo and Eby Ignace Hervé Menan

Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9010010 - 29 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1523

Abstract

The combinations of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) are used as first-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria in the Ivory Coast. Different studies document the efficacy of two artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) (AL and ASAQ) in the Ivory Coast. However, there is no meta-analysis examining the data set of these studies. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence of malaria treatment failure cases in randomized control trials with two artemisinin-based combination therapies (AL versus ASAQ) in the Ivory Coast between 2009 to 2016. This study is a meta-analysis of data from the results of four previous multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial studies evaluating the clinical and parasitological efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine conducted between 2009 and 2016 following World Health Organization (WHO) protocol at sentinel sites in the Ivory Coast. These drug efficacy data collected between 2009 and 2016 were analyzed. During these studies, to distinguish between recrudescence and new infection, molecular genotyping of genes encoding merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 was carried out using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 1575 patients enrolled in the four studies, including 768 in the AL arm and 762 in the ASAQ arm, which were fully followed either for 28 days or 42 days according to WHO protocol. The adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was higher than 95% in the two groups (intention to treat (ITT): AL = 96.59% and ASAQ = 96.81; Per Protocol (PP): AL = 99.48% and ASAQ = 99.61%) after PCR correction at day 28. Aggregate data analysis (2009–2016) showed that at day 28, the proportions of patients with recurrent infection was higher in the AL group (ITT: 3.79%, PP: 3.9%) than in the ASAQ group (ITT: 2.17%, PP: 2.23%). After PCR correction, most treatment failures were classified as new infections (AL group (ITT: 0.13%, PP: 0.13%); ASAQ group (ITT: 0.39%, PP: 0.39%). The recrudescent infections rate was high, at 0.39% compared to 0.13% for ASAQ and AL, respectively, for both ITT and PP, no significant difference. However, the Kaplan–Meier curve of cumulative treatment success showed a significant difference between the two groups after PCR from 2012–2013 (p = 0.032). Overall, ASAQ and AL have been shown to be effective drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the study areas, 14 years after deployment of these drugs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring the Emergence and Spread of Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Endemic Regions)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Monitoring the Emergence and Spread of Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Endemic Regions

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (1 paper)

Research

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI