Emerging Contaminants in Soil and Freshwater Systems: Ecotoxicological Insights from Individual to Community-Level Studies or Across Biological Scales

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecotoxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 1455

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) Avda, Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: CECs; soil and aquatic ecotoxicology; molecular response; soil health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy
Interests: CECs; aquatic; soil; ecotoxicology; remote cold areas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks (CEIGRAM), Departamento de Química y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Avda, Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: CECs; soil; ecotoxicology; agricultural impacts; resource recovery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soil and freshwater systems are inherently interconnected; therefore, the sources and impacts of pollution should be examined and managed as a continuum, rather than as isolated components. These systems are facing significant pollution derived from anthropogenic impacts, in many cases, which can be imperceptible due to the presence of new, unexpected, unmonitored, and unregulated compounds. These new threats are defined as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), encompassing a diverse range of chemical pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pesticides, and certain industrial chemicals, as well as residues from various sources, such as agricultural, urban, or industrial activities. They also include physical contaminants, among them microplastics and nanoplastics, which include microbeads in cosmetics, glitter, seed coatings, and nurdles (plastic pellets), tyre wear particles, and engineered nanomaterials. Therefore, there is a knowledge gap regarding their impact on these ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the exploration of CECs' impact on aquatic and soil invertebrates, given their essential role in the proper functioning of ecosystems. We invite submissions encompassing original research and case studies, involving individual or different levels of biological organization dealing with (i) the effects of single and/or mixture of CECs (ii) from molecules to communities’ analysis, including individual-level endpoints—such as survival, growth, and behaviour—with biochemical (e.g., oxidative stress and cellular damage) and molecular (e.g., gene expression and protein levels) (iii) studies ranging from single species to population and communities (micro and mesocosm studies). Studies focused on the natural environment, as well as those conducted in controlled experiments, are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Ana Belén Muñiz
Dr. Sara Villa
Dr. Patricia Almendros
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aquatic invertebrate
  • soil invertebrates
  • anthropogenic impact
  • ecotoxicology

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

16 pages, 3196 KB  
Article
Caffeine Exposure Alters Neurotransmission and Stress Physiology in a Freshwater Gastropod
by Ahlam Mohamed-Benhamu
Toxics 2026, 14(5), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14050446 (registering DOI) - 20 May 2026
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) is a widely consumed psychostimulant known to modulate adenosine receptors and neurotransmitter systems, although its effects in invertebrates remain poorly understood. Environmentally relevant concentrations (5, 30, and 50 µg/L) are associated with altered behavior, including locomotion, exploration, and feeding, in the [...] Read more.
Caffeine (CAF) is a widely consumed psychostimulant known to modulate adenosine receptors and neurotransmitter systems, although its effects in invertebrates remain poorly understood. Environmentally relevant concentrations (5, 30, and 50 µg/L) are associated with altered behavior, including locomotion, exploration, and feeding, in the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta. This study examined molecular responses underlying these effects. Adult snails were exposed to CAF for 24 h and 7 days. Gene expression related to the nervous system and stress pathways was analyzed by RT-PCR, including A1AR, ADORA2B, AChE, GLRA2, DRD2, RYR, HSD11β, HSP70, SLC6A2, and SLC6A1. After 24 h, exposure to 50 µg/L CAF altered A1AR expression and caused downregulation of AChE, GLRA2, and DRD2, associated with observed behavioral changes. A1AR upregulation may indicate compensatory adjustment in adenosine signaling. After 7 days, A1AR remained upregulated, while genes linked to inhibitory neurotransmission showed partial recovery. Increased expression of genes involved in dopamine regulation and steroid metabolism suggested physiological adaptation. Overall, CAF induced dose- and time-dependent molecular responses in P. acuta, linking neurochemical disruption with behavioral changes and highlighting its ecological risk as an emerging freshwater contaminant. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 6908 KB  
Article
Effects of Caffeine Exposure on Behaviour, Development and Physiology of the Freshwater Snail Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)
by Ahlam Mohamed-Benhamu
Toxics 2026, 14(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14010014 - 22 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1132
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF), a prevalent psychoactive compound, has been identified as a significant environmental pollutant in freshwater ecosystems. This study investigates the behavioral and physiological effects of CAF at environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 5, 30, and 50 µg/L) on the freshwater snail Physella acuta [...] Read more.
Caffeine (CAF), a prevalent psychoactive compound, has been identified as a significant environmental pollutant in freshwater ecosystems. This study investigates the behavioral and physiological effects of CAF at environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 5, 30, and 50 µg/L) on the freshwater snail Physella acuta, with a focus on both adult and embryonic responses. Adult snails were evaluated for alterations in speed, exploration, overall activity levels, and feeding behaviors, while embryos were assessed for heart rate and developmental changes. The study encompassed both short-term (24 h) and mid-term (7 days) exposure periods. Low CAF concentrations (5 and 30 µg/L) were found to enhance adult movement and exploratory behavior in the short term, whereas prolonged exposure resulted in a decline in these behaviors. A high CAF concentration (50 µg/L) consistently diminished movement and feeding in adults. Embryos exhibited a dose-dependent increase in heart rate and manifested malformations at elevated concentrations. These findings provide insights into the impact of CAF on freshwater invertebrates and contribute valuable data for ecological risk assessment. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Back to TopTop