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Whose Sustainable Education for Whom in an Era of Commodification of Education and Technology

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Education and Approaches".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2026) | Viewed by 4144

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Interests: education and development; education policy and governance; sustainable education and sustainability in education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The word “sustainability” is a synonym of durability, and has started to be overly used after the introduction of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations. The norm of sustainability as a term is greatly connected with nature and the environment. On the other hand, sustainable education refers to an education system or programme that enables the development of a substantial society that can ensure the solid development and progress of a nation without developing any form of discrimination or detrimental agenda.

The recent global promotion of modernisation has been drastically extended by technologization, especially after the robustness of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and digitalisation, which may not be able to deny the fact of commodification and commercialism. Such expansion may develop a greater social discrepancy. Under such a climate, advocacy suggest that technology could be a greater tool to ensure sustainability. This generates a concern: is it not hypocrisy to contemplate technology as a moderator for sustainability while being a consumerist item that mediates between commercialism and commodification?

Education does not live in isolation from ongoing social norms. Hence, commodification and commercialism might have inevitably become a greater part of modern education, which may present a biassed education—a greater constraint for ensuring sustainable education to construct society. Without paying much attention to this underpinning constraint, attention is paid to ensure substantiable education through technologization in the era of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and digitalisation.

Hence, a question is generated around whether technologization in the era of AI and digitalisation is as much an ally or enemy for sustainable education, as it is not free from prejudice. This question is an underpinning motivation of this Special Issue, which aims to focus on a discussion to highlight the constraints of sustainable education in the era of technologization and to explore the avenues to resolve such limitations. Following this focus, the core scopes are outlined below:

  • The effect of technologization on sustainable education.
  • Sustainable education in the era of Artificial Intelligence and digitalisation.
  • The impact of dependency theory on sustainable education.
  • The impact of commodification and commercialism on sustainable education and society.
  • Internationalisation and globalisation in sustainable education.

Although this is the fundamental scope, authors are encouraged to communicate with the editor further to determine whether their work fits within this Special Issue’s broader focus.

In addition to these descriptions, please consult the following papers published in Sustainability:

  1.  Alam, G.M. Sustainable Education, Sustainability in Education and Education for Sustainable Development: The Reconciliation of Variables and the Path of Education Research in an Era of Technologization. Sustainability 2025, 17, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010250
  2. Alam, G.M. Sustainable Education and Sustainability in Education: The Reality in the Era of Internationalisation and Commodification in Education—Is Higher Education Different? Sustainability 2023, 15, 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021315

Prof. Dr. Gazi Mahabubul Alam
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable education
  • education for sustainable development
  • sustainability in education
  • artificial intelligence and digitalisation in education
  • commodification, commercialism, and capitalism in education
  • technologization in education
  • policy for sustainable education

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 749 KB  
Article
Sustainable Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Digitalization: A Value-Critical Approach
by Adeeb Obaid Alsuhaymi and Fouad Ahmed Atallah
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031257 - 27 Jan 2026
Viewed by 887
Abstract
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization in contemporary education has intensified global debates on sustainable education, frequently framed around efficiency, personalization, and technological innovation. At the same time, these developments have accelerated processes of technologization and commodification, raising concerns about [...] Read more.
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization in contemporary education has intensified global debates on sustainable education, frequently framed around efficiency, personalization, and technological innovation. At the same time, these developments have accelerated processes of technologization and commodification, raising concerns about the erosion of educational values and human-centered purposes. This tension calls for a critical reassessment of what sustainability should mean in AI-mediated educational contexts. The objective of this study is to examine under what conditions AI contributes to sustainable education as a value-based and human-centered project, and under what conditions it undermines it. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative, value-critical analysis of contemporary scholarly literature and policy-oriented debates, employing the distinction between sustainable education, sustainability in education, and education for sustainable development as a heuristic entry point within a broader theoretical dialogue. The analysis demonstrates that AI does not exert a uniform or inherently progressive influence on education. While AI can enhance access, personalization, and instructional support in ethically grounded and well-governed contexts, it may also intensify educational inequalities, reinforce the commodification of knowledge, weaken academic integrity, and marginalize the formative and human dimensions of education under market-driven and weakly regulated conditions. These dynamics are particularly visible in culturally and religiously grounded educational contexts, where AI reshapes epistemic authority and educational meaning. The study concludes that achieving sustainable education in the digital age depends not on AI adoption per se, but on subordinating AI and digitalization to coherent normative, ethical, and governance frameworks that prioritize educational purpose, social justice, and human dignity. Full article
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27 pages, 1142 KB  
Article
Digital Skills and Personal Innovativeness Shaping Stratified Use of ChatGPT in Polish Adults’ Education
by Robert Wolny, Kinga Hoffmann-Burdzińska, Magdalena Jaciow, Anna Sączewska-Piotrowska, Agata Stolecka-Makowska and Grzegorz Szojda
Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020619 - 7 Jan 2026
Viewed by 799
Abstract
The development of generative artificial intelligence tools, including large language models, opens new opportunities for adult education while simultaneously posing the risk of deepening inequalities resulting from differences in digital competences and individual dispositions. The aim of this article is to examine how [...] Read more.
The development of generative artificial intelligence tools, including large language models, opens new opportunities for adult education while simultaneously posing the risk of deepening inequalities resulting from differences in digital competences and individual dispositions. The aim of this article is to examine how digital skills (DS) and personal innovativeness (PI) shape differentiated and advanced use of ChatGPT (UC) among adult learners in Poland, with particular attention to the moderating role of gender. The study was conducted using the CAWI method on a nationwide sample of 757 adult ChatGPT users engaged in upgrading their qualifications. Validated scales of DS, PI, and UC were applied, along with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) using the WLSMV estimator, as well as multigroup SEM for women and men. The results confirm that both digital skills (β ≈ 0.46) and personal innovativeness (β ≈ 0.37) significantly and positively predict advanced use of ChatGPT, jointly explaining approximately 41% of the variance in UC, with stronger effects observed among men than women. Attention is therefore drawn to the need to incorporate a gender perspective in further research on the use of GenAI in adult education The findings point to a stratification of GenAI use in adult education and underscore the need to incorporate critical digital competences and AI literacy into sustainable education policies in order to limit the reproduction of existing inequalities. Full article
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20 pages, 291 KB  
Article
Blue Spaces: Coastal Areas as a Teaching Context for Setting Aside Technologization in Early Childhood Sustainability Education
by Christopher Speldewinde and Coral Campbell
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010010 - 19 Dec 2025
Viewed by 763
Abstract
Humanity is at a critical juncture in its response to environmental issues. Coastal land spaces are under threat from rising sea levels and storm surges accelerating erosion and degradation. Children have an important role in sustaining a viable environmental future. Education for sustainability [...] Read more.
Humanity is at a critical juncture in its response to environmental issues. Coastal land spaces are under threat from rising sea levels and storm surges accelerating erosion and degradation. Children have an important role in sustaining a viable environmental future. Education for sustainability in early childhood (EC) nature-based settings has the potential to disrupt the current crisis by deepening children’s understanding of the environment. Many educators who practice nature pedagogy in early childhood education (ECE) shy away from using technological tools despite our existence in a time of artificial intelligence and digitalisation, some of which is becoming evident in EC sustainability education. This paper will consider the use of blue spaces that incorporate the waters, sands, and coastal land adjacent to the water’s age for EC sustainability teaching and learning. It will focus on questioning the role of technologization, particularly technological tools, on the forms of sustainability education that preschool children experience while in nature-based settings. Interrogating recent research of nature-based kindergartens undertaken at Australian coastal contexts, and drawing on seminal international documentation, it will focus on the development of young children’s empathy and ‘ethos of care’ for living things, their considerations of local ecosystems, and their growing understandings of the interrelationships between elements of their environment. The paper will then consider how the application of technological tools intersects with sustainability education in the context of blue spaces. The research highlights the importance of the educator in the development of interactive, learner-centred opportunities that not only enable investigative, action-adapted learning but also fosters independent learners who are responsive to their natural environment. The implication of this research is that further considerations of technologization and children’s environmental agency through a play-based, emergent curriculum are necessary. Full article
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