Size Separation Techniques

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2017) | Viewed by 24846

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department Analysis, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
Interests: multifunctional macromolecular materials; biorelated polymers; macromolecular conformation; self-assembly in macromolecular and hybrid systems; scattering methods; separation techniques

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Size matters, and this holds particularly true in the world of macromolecules. Their size influences materials properties significantly, and, additionally, synthetic and natural polymers exist in broad size distributions. Their separation and reliable characterization is one of the most important issues in polymer analysis. The development of novel functional macromolecules requires advanced multifaceted analysis. Appropriate separation according to size requires new and sophisticated combination of separation approaches and detection. In this Special Issue, recent results on new separation approaches for advanced polymer systems, the development of novel detection techniques and theoretical considerations of size separation processes will be collected.

Dr. Albena Lederer
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Separation
  • Macromolecules
  • Molar mass
  • Molecular properties
  • Molar mass distribution
  • Chromatography
  • Size Exclusion
  • Hydrodynamic volume

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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4146 KiB  
Article
Separation of Small DNAs by Gel Electrophoresis in a Fused Silica Capillary Coated with a Negatively Charged Copolymer
by Tomoka Nakazumi and Yusuke Hara
Separations 2017, 4(3), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations4030028 - 20 Sep 2017
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4905
Abstract
Active development of compact analytical instruments suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) requires optimization of existing methods. To aid the development of capillary gel electrophoresis instruments for POCT, we attempted to separate polymerase chain reaction products (small DNAs) using a short, fused silica capillary [...] Read more.
Active development of compact analytical instruments suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) requires optimization of existing methods. To aid the development of capillary gel electrophoresis instruments for POCT, we attempted to separate polymerase chain reaction products (small DNAs) using a short, fused silica capillary coated with an acrylamide (AM)/acrylic acid (AA) copolymer (poly(AM-co-AA)). To realize the high capability of this capillary to separate small DNAs, the magnitude of electroosmotic flow (EOF) was controlled by varying the content of negatively charged AA in the copolymer, which significantly affected the separation ability. At an AA content ≥3.75 mol %, sample DNAs could not be injected into the copolymer-coated capillary owing to strong EOF, whereas a 100 bp DNA ladder sample was successfully separated at an AA content of ≤3.5 mol %, showing that even slight AA content variations impact DNA flow. EOF values measured using a neutral coumarin 334 solution suddenly decreased at an AA content of 3.5 mol % relative to those at an AA content of ≥3.75 mol %. Theoretical plate values revealed that an AA content of 2.75 mol % was optimal for separating ladder DNAs with sizes ≥600 bp. Hence, EOF control achieved by varying the amount of negatively charged AA in the poly(AM-co-AA) coating can promote further development of short capillaries for POCT applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Size Separation Techniques)
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1760 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Miniaturized and Conventional Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) Channels for Nanoparticle Separations
by Zengchao You, Florian Meier and Steffen Weidner
Separations 2017, 4(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations4010008 - 18 Mar 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5788
Abstract
The performance of a miniaturized channel for the separation of polymer and metal nanoparticles (NP) using Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) was investigated and compared with a conventional AF4 system. To develop standard separation methods, experimental parameters like cross flow, gradient profile and [...] Read more.
The performance of a miniaturized channel for the separation of polymer and metal nanoparticles (NP) using Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) was investigated and compared with a conventional AF4 system. To develop standard separation methods, experimental parameters like cross flow, gradient profile and injection time were varied and optimized. Corresponding chromatographic parameters were calculated and compared. Our results indicate that the chromatographic resolution in the miniaturized channel is lower, whereas significantly shorter analyses time and less solvent consumption were obtained. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained from hyphenation with a UV-detector are obviously lower than in a conventional channel, which makes the miniaturized channel interesting for trace analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Size Separation Techniques)
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Review

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35 pages, 4965 KiB  
Review
Size Separation Techniques for the Characterisation of Cross-Linked Casein: A Review of Methods and Their Applications
by Norbert Raak, Raffaele Andrea Abbate, Albena Lederer, Harald Rohm and Doris Jaros
Separations 2018, 5(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5010014 - 12 Feb 2018
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 13279
Abstract
Casein is the major protein fraction in milk, and its cross-linking has been a topic of scientific interest for many years. Enzymatic cross-linking has huge potential to modify relevant techno-functional properties of casein, whereas non-enzymatic cross-linking occurs naturally during the storage and processing [...] Read more.
Casein is the major protein fraction in milk, and its cross-linking has been a topic of scientific interest for many years. Enzymatic cross-linking has huge potential to modify relevant techno-functional properties of casein, whereas non-enzymatic cross-linking occurs naturally during the storage and processing of milk and dairy products. Two size separation techniques were applied for characterisation of these reactions: gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography. This review summarises their separation principles and discusses the outcome of studies on cross-linked casein from the last ~20 years. Both methods, however, show limitations concerning separation range and are applied mainly under denaturing and reducing conditions. In contrast, field flow fractionation has a broad separation range and can be easily applied under native conditions. Although this method has become a powerful tool in polymer and nanoparticle analysis and was used in few studies on casein micelles, it has not yet been applied to investigate cross-linked casein. Finally, the principles and requirements for absolute molar mass determination are reviewed, which will be of increased interest in the future since suitable calibration substances for casein polymers are scarce. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Size Separation Techniques)
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