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Current Research and Key Issues in Poultry Immunology
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Current Research and Key Issues in Poultry Immunology

A special issue of Poultry (ISSN 2674-1164).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 2722

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dieter Liebhart

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Interests: poultry immunology; poultry diseases; poultry pathology and histopathology
Dr. Christine Jansen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
Interests: avian immunology; host-pathogen interactions; natural killer cells; immunomodulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The immune system of poultry is crucial for protection from diseases with distinct characteristics compared to mammals. Research in poultry immunology focuses on various aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, which are influenced by the anatomical and physiological characteristics of birds. Infectiology, vaccinology, genetics and evolution are important research areas related to poultry immunology.

The aim of this special issue is to collect the most recent research findings or relevant summaries of fundamental knowledge in poultry immunology. Research articles and literature reviews in this field as well as topics associated with poultry immunology are welcome. Hence, scientists working on the immune system of poultry in health and disease are invited to submit their manuscripts for this special issue.

Dr. Dieter Liebhart
Dr. Christine Jansen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Poultry is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune response of poultry
  • host-pathogen interactions
  • poultry diseases
  • poultry pathology
  • genetics
  • vaccinology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3355 KiB  
Article
Rapid Onset of Innate Response, Cytokine Signaling and Humoral Immunity in Inactivated LPAI-H9N2-Vaccinated Broilers
by Ismail A. Raheel, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Mohamed S. Diab, Mervat A. Abdel-Latif, Nehal Tag and Ahmed Orabi
Poultry 2024, 3(4), 420-429; https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry3040032 - 25 Nov 2024
Viewed by 781
Abstract
The development of effective and innovative vaccination strategies is urgently needed to better control the spread and transmission of the low-pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 subtype (LPAI-H9N2) in poultry. In addition, the enhancement of innate immunity by some of these innovative inactivated vaccines has [...] Read more.
The development of effective and innovative vaccination strategies is urgently needed to better control the spread and transmission of the low-pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 subtype (LPAI-H9N2) in poultry. In addition, the enhancement of innate immunity by some of these innovative inactivated vaccines has not yet been investigated. Here, an experiment was conducted in commercial broiler chickens to compare the immune response to two different inactivated H9N2 vaccines. For this, Group 1 (G1) broilers were vaccinated with vaccine 1 [Nobilis® H9N2-P (pathogen-associated molecular patterns—PAMP) technology], broilers in G2 were vaccinated with vaccine 2 [an inactivated whole H9N2 virus (IWV) autogenous oil emulsion vaccine], while birds in G3 were not vaccinated. The study lasted 34 days. Innate immune parameters (phagocytic activity, nitric oxide, and lysozyme), cytokine signaling (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), humoral immunity using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, and the gene expressions of IFN-γ and TLR-21 were assessed. The results showed a significant increase in innate immunity and modulatory cytokines at 24–48 h after the vaccination of G1 broilers, with a continuous increase until the end of the experiment. In addition, a significant increase in geometric mean HI titers was observed in G1 at 11 days post-vaccination (dpv), and a significant (p ˂ 0.05) upregulation of IFN-γ and TLR-21 was observed in the same group, G1, at 31 dpv compared to G2 and G3. Nobilis® H9N2-P may induce faster and stronger innate and active humoral immunity compared to another IWV, which may contribute to the protection of broilers against early H9N2 infections. However, challenge protection studies for several IWV vaccines, including PAMP-H9N2 against LPAI-H9N2, should be further evaluated in both specific pathogen-free (SPF) and commercial broilers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research and Key Issues in Poultry Immunology)
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12 pages, 2039 KiB  
Communication
Interaction of Chicken Heterophils and Eimeria tenella Results in Different Phenotypes of Heterophil Extracellular Traps (HETs)
by Zaida Rentería-Solís, Liliana M. R. Silva, Thomas Grochow, Runhui Zhang, Tran Nguyen-Ho-Bao, Arwid Daugschies, Anja Taubert, Iván Conejeros and Carlos Hermosilla
Poultry 2024, 3(3), 318-329; https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry3030024 - 9 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Chicken coccidiosis causes annual losses exceeding GBP 10 billion globally. The most pathogenic species for domestic fowls including Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima, can lead to gastrointestinal issues ranging from mild to fatal. In this study, stages of [...] Read more.
Chicken coccidiosis causes annual losses exceeding GBP 10 billion globally. The most pathogenic species for domestic fowls including Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima, can lead to gastrointestinal issues ranging from mild to fatal. In this study, stages of E. tenella and freshly isolated chicken heterophils were co-cultured for 180 min. These interactions were analyzed using live 3D holotomographic and confocal microscopy. We observed that E. tenella stages were entrapped by heterophils and heterophil extracellular traps (HETs). Notably, different HET phenotypes, specifically sprHETs and aggHETs, were induced regardless of the stage. Furthermore, the quantification of extracellular DNA release from co-cultures of heterophils and sporozoites (ratio 1:1) for 180 min demonstrated a significantly higher release (p = 0.04) compared to negative controls. In conclusion, research on the chicken innate immune system, particularly fowl-derived HETs, remains limited. More detailed investigations are needed, such as exploring the time-dependent triggering of HETs, to establish a standard incubation time for this pathogen defense mechanism. This will enhance our understanding of its role in parasite survival or death during HET confrontation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research and Key Issues in Poultry Immunology)
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