Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Process of Inhaled Drugs

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Pharmacy and Formulation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2024) | Viewed by 4585

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Interests: cancer diagnosis; therapies; clinical translation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An inhalation preparation refers to a special dosage form that is administered with a special device, such that a drug acts on the lungs and exerts local or systemic effects through the deep part of the respiratory tract, cavities, mucous membranes, etc. It is often used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The route of inhalation administration has the advantages of being non-invasive, a quick onset, less local metabolic enzymes, and localized drug delivery. According to different devices, it can be divided into powder inhalations (DPIs), metered inhalation aerosols (MDIs), and liquid preparations for inhalation. Additionally, there are inhalation sprays, among which DPIs, MDIs, and liquid preparations for inhalation are widely used. In recent years, with increasing air pollution and the aging of the population, the prevalence of respiratory diseases continues to rise, and inhalation drug delivery has become a method of drug delivery that has attracted much attention. In addition, inhalation formulations for the delivery of novel biologics for pulmonary disorders, infections, and cancer, such as mRNA, antibodies, and diagnostics, have received extensive attention from academia and industry.

The preparation methods of respirable particles include top-down techniques and bottom-up techniques. Traditional drug grinding methods include ball milling, colloid milling, hammer milling, and jet milling. In this Special Issue, we will focus on novel laboratory as well as industrial methods for formulating generic drugs and novel therapeutic cargos. 

Dr. Qian Zhong
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inhaled drug
  • respiratory system
  • nanoparticles
  • spray drying
  • spray freeze
  • powder inhalation (DPI)
  • metered inhalation aerosol (MDI)
  • mRNA
  • biologics
  • pulmonary diseases
  • cancer

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4957 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Deformable Nanovesicles for Insulin Nebulization Inhalation
by Jinghan Yu, Yingying Meng, Zhiyang Wen, Yu Jiang, Yiyue Guo, Simeng Du, Yuling Liu and Xuejun Xia
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(7), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070879 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 824
Abstract
Nebulized inhalation offers a noninvasive method for delivering drugs to treat both local respiratory and systemic diseases. In this study, insulin was used as a model drug to design a series of deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) with key quality attributes, including particle size, deformability, [...] Read more.
Nebulized inhalation offers a noninvasive method for delivering drugs to treat both local respiratory and systemic diseases. In this study, insulin was used as a model drug to design a series of deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) with key quality attributes, including particle size, deformability, and drug load capacity. We investigated the effects of these properties on aerosol generation, macrophage phagocytosis, and bloodstream penetration. The results showed that deformability improved nebulization performance and reduced macrophage phagocytosis, benefiting local and systemic delivery. However, the advantage of DNVs for transmembrane penetration was not evident in the alveolar epithelium. Within the size range of 80–490 nm, the smaller the particle size of IPC-DNVs, the easier it is to evade clearance by macrophages and the more effective the in vivo hypoglycemic efficacy will be. In the drug load range of 3–5 mg/mL, a lower drug load resulted in better hypoglycemic efficacy. The area above the blood glucose decline curve with time (AAC) of nebulized DNVs was 2.32 times higher than that of the insulin solution, demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of DNVs in the pulmonary delivery of biomacromolecule drugs. This study provides insights into the construction and formulation optimization of pulmonary delivery carriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Process of Inhaled Drugs)
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18 pages, 1724 KiB  
Article
Stability of Naked Nucleic Acids under Physical Treatment and Powder Formation: Suitability for Development as Dry Powder Formulations for Inhalation
by Tomoyuki Okuda, Maki Okazaki, Akihiko Hayano and Hirokazu Okamoto
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(12), 2786; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122786 - 16 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1460
Abstract
A number of functional nucleic acids, including plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been attracting increasing attention as new therapeutic modalities worldwide. Dry pDNA and siRNA powder formulations for inhalation are considered practical in clinical applications for respiratory diseases. However, [...] Read more.
A number of functional nucleic acids, including plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been attracting increasing attention as new therapeutic modalities worldwide. Dry pDNA and siRNA powder formulations for inhalation are considered practical in clinical applications for respiratory diseases. However, physical stresses in the powder-forming process may destabilize nucleic acids, particularly when vectors with stabilizing effects are not used. We herein compare the stability of naked pDNA and siRNA through various physical treatments and two powder-forming processes. The structural and functional integrities of pDNA were markedly reduced via sonication, heating, and atomization, whereas those of siRNA were preserved throughout all of the physical treatments investigated. Spray-dried and spray-freeze-dried powders of siRNA maintained their structural and functional integrities, whereas those of pDNA did not. These results demonstrate that siRNA is more suitable for powder formation in the naked state than pDNA due to its higher stability under physical treatments. Furthermore, a spray-freeze-dried powder with a high content of naked siRNA (12% of the powder) was successfully produced that preserved its structural and functional integrities, achieving high aerosol performance with a fine particle fraction of approximately 40%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Process of Inhaled Drugs)
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Review

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27 pages, 2346 KiB  
Review
Engineering Inhalable Therapeutic Particles: Conventional and Emerging Approaches
by Aditi Negi, Shubham Nimbkar and Jeyan Arthur Moses
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(12), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122706 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
Respirable particles are integral to effective inhalable therapeutic ingredient delivery, demanding precise engineering for optimal lung deposition and therapeutic efficacy. This review describes different physicochemical properties and their role in determining the aerodynamic performance and therapeutic efficacy of dry powder formulations. Furthermore, advances [...] Read more.
Respirable particles are integral to effective inhalable therapeutic ingredient delivery, demanding precise engineering for optimal lung deposition and therapeutic efficacy. This review describes different physicochemical properties and their role in determining the aerodynamic performance and therapeutic efficacy of dry powder formulations. Furthermore, advances in top-down and bottom-up techniques in particle preparation, highlighting their roles in tailoring particle properties and optimizing therapeutic outcomes, are also presented. Practices adopted for particle engineering during the past 100 years indicate a significant transition in research and commercial interest in the strategies used, with several innovative concepts coming into play in the past decade. Accordingly, this article highlights futuristic particle engineering approaches such as electrospraying, inkjet printing, thin film freeze drying, and supercritical processes, including their prospects and associated challenges. With such technologies, it is possible to reshape inhaled therapeutic ingredient delivery, optimizing therapeutic benefits and improving the quality of life for patients with respiratory diseases and beyond. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Process of Inhaled Drugs)
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