From Acute Infection to Chronic Sequelae: A Research Trajectory in Viral Infections Disease Management

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 748

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
Interests: COVID-19; long COVID-19; meningitis; endocarditis; sepsis

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Guest Editor
College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
Interests: biopolymers; probiotics; microbiota; long COVID
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viruses are also known to cause not only acute illnesses but also serious long-term consequences in patients. The progression from acute infection to post-viral sequelae has emerged as one of the most important frontiers in the management of infectious diseases. These post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) constitute a significant healthcare challenge across a wide range of viral diseases; however, their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Bridging this knowledge gap—from the initial pathogenesis of virus infection to the development of chronic consequences—is essential for improving patient care and informing public health policy.

Clinicians and scientists face increasing challenges in identifying and managing multi-system sequelae, which can manifest long after the resolution of the acute phase of infection. In response, new approaches are being designed, including longitudinal surveillance of survivors, biomarker identification, and multidisciplinary models of care, all of which assist in tracing and treating post-acute viral syndromes. This Special Issue aims to advance understanding of the pathway from acute infection to chronic sequelae and to provide guidelines that realize effective long-term intervention strategies for viral disease management.

Dr. Olga Adriana Caliman-Sturdza
Dr. Roxana Gheorghita
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • viral pathogenesis
  • post-acute infection syndromes
  • chronic sequelae
  • long-term outcomes
  • disease management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 804 KB  
Article
The Clinical Utility of Serum Biomarkers in the Differentiation and Prognostic Assessment of Viral Meningitis
by Georgiana Enache-Leonte, Andrei Vâță, Maria Ioana Onofrei, Mihnea Eudoxiu Hurmuzache, Gabriela Rusu Zota, Dan Trofin, Ioana Alina Harja-Alexa and Mihaela Cătălina Luca
Pathogens 2026, 15(2), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15020234 - 20 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Viral meningitis presents significant diagnostic challenges. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for meningitis etiology and clinical outcomes. Methods: This prospective, single center, comparative study enrolled patients meeting clinical, biological, and microbiological criteria for [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Viral meningitis presents significant diagnostic challenges. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for meningitis etiology and clinical outcomes. Methods: This prospective, single center, comparative study enrolled patients meeting clinical, biological, and microbiological criteria for bacterial (BM) or viral (VM) meningitis. Serum inflammatory markers, namely the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), were quantified. In addition, the concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), were also determined. Spearman correlation and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations between biomarkers and etiology, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed outcome correlations. Results: VM patients showed a significantly lower NLR (p = 0.007), PLR (p = 0.010), and SII (p = 0.016), with higher GPx3 (p < 0.0001) levels compared with BM patients. Cu/Zn SOD showed no significant difference (p = 0.442) between groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified the SII (OR = 1.015; 95% CI = 1.004–1.026) and GPx3 (OR = 0.847; 95% CI = 0.740–0.970) as etiology predictors. The SII was the strongest predictor of mortality in VM (AUC = 0.833). Conclusions: Serum markers of inflammation, including the systemic immune–inflammation index, along with antioxidant indicators such as GPx3, may serve as valuable additional tools for predicting meningitis etiology and forecasting patient outcomes. Full article
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