Tick-Borne Threats in Europe: From Epidemiology to the Impact of Vaccination

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 818

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
Interests: vaccine-preventable diseases; infectious disease epidemiology; tick-borne diseases

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Austria GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria
Interests: immunology; tick-borne infections; vaccine implementation

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
2. Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: vaccinology; public health surveillance; infectious disease epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tick-borne diseases, particularly Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), represent an increasing public health threat in Europe. In recent years, the geographic range of endemic areas for Lyme borreliosis and TBE has expanded and the number of surveillance-reported cases of Lyme borreliosis and TBE have increased in several European countries. Fortunately, vaccines are available or are under development for the prevention of Lyme borreliosis and TBE. Our aim in launching this Special Issue is to describe the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis and TBE, particularly the public health burden of these diseases, and to report on efforts to prevent these tick-borne diseases, including addressing challenges in enhancing vaccine uptake and complying with national recommendations on vaccine use. 

Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are growing public health concerns across Europe, with clear increases in disease burden documented in several countries. Both diseases are potentially preventable with vaccination. Safe and effective TBE vaccines have been available and widely used in Europe for many years, while candidate vaccines for the prevention of Lyme borreliosis are currently under development. Rigorous epidemiological data are essential in understanding the burden of these diseases, informing discussions on the potential use of vaccines, and supporting activities and overcome obstacles for disease prevention. Furthermore, such data are also vitally important in evaluating the public health impact of preventive measures, including vaccines, against these diseases.

This Special Issue will focus on the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis and TBE, particularly on the public health burden of these diseases. It will also explore the impact of preventive measures, including vaccines, against Lyme disease and TBE and its current and future challenges for implementation. This Special Issue is open to all researchers involved in research on Lyme disease and TBE in Europe. Original research articles, reviews, and case reports are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Frederick J. Angulo
Dr. Andreas Pilz
Dr. Kyra Zens
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tick-borne diseases
  • epidemiology
  • prevention
  • vaccines
  • public health impact

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

13 pages, 393 KB  
Article
Seroprevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Latvia Using Standard and Subtype-Specific NS1-Based ELISA Assays
by Zane Freimane, Gerhard Dobler, Guntis Karelis, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler, Oksana Savicka and Dace Zavadska
Pathogens 2025, 14(11), 1115; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111115 - 2 Nov 2025
Viewed by 587
Abstract
Background: Latvia is one of the most endemic tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) countries in Europe. However, assessing TBE seroprevalence and true infection rates has been challenging. Current diagnostics cannot reliably distinguish between immune responses induced by natural infection from those induced by vaccination, especially [...] Read more.
Background: Latvia is one of the most endemic tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) countries in Europe. However, assessing TBE seroprevalence and true infection rates has been challenging. Current diagnostics cannot reliably distinguish between immune responses induced by natural infection from those induced by vaccination, especially in TBE endemic countries with recommended immunisation programmes. A recently developed ELISA targeting antibodies against TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) offers improved specificity for natural infection and can differentiate among three clinically relevant TBEV subtypes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional TBEV seroprevalence study in the Latvian population during 2019–2022, consisting of two pools: 1020 residents living in different regions of Latvia and 200 random Latvian Biobank blood samples. We used the standard anti-TBEV IgG ELISA (VIDITEST, VIDIA, Czech Republic) for the screening and detection of TBEV (whole virus) IgG antibodies and the newly established research-use anti-TBEV NS1 IgG ELISA for the detection of subtype-specific TBEV NS1 IgG antibodies against three virus subtypes: European, Siberian and Far Eastern. Results: The total TBEV seroprevalence among 1020 residents was 39.7%, representing all age cohorts of the population from all regions of Latvia. In total, 33.4% of the enrolled population were vaccinated against TBE with at least one dose of the TBE vaccine. Among the unvaccinated population, 16.3% had positive TBEV-specific IgG antibodies by standard ELISA. On the contrary, NS1-specific antibodies, indicating past natural infection, were detected in only 4.3% of the overall study population. Subtype differentiation revealed infections from all three major TBEV subtypes present in Latvia. Conclusions: In conclusion, this population-based study highlights a high risk of TBE in Latvia, with substantial seroprevalence even among unvaccinated individuals. The NS1-based ELISA enhances the accuracy of TBE surveillance and offers important clinical utility by facilitating more reliable diagnosis and case classification, regardless of vaccination status. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop