The Use of Insect Organisms to Study Human Pathogenic Fungi

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 1666

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
Interests: insect immunity; antimicrobial peptides; Galleria mellonella; host–pathogen interaction

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
Interests: insect immunity; antimicrobial peptides; Galleria mellonella; host–pathogen interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogenic fungi pose a threat to human health and life, especially immunocompromised patients, including those after transplants and cancer patients. Therefore, a number of studies are carried out to understand host–fungal pathogen interactions, elucidate the course of infection, and determine the virulence factors of fungi. The search for novel antifungal compounds is also an important area. Often, in vitro tests are insufficient as they do not coincide with the results obtained in vivo. Due to high costs and logistical and ethical problems, research using small mammals, such as mice and rats, is limited.

Therefore, insects such as Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera), Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), or the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera) have been widely used as alternative non-mammalian models for the study of fungal virulence and pathogenesis. Importantly, G. mellonella caterpillars can be kept at 37 ºC, which is physiological for the human body.

Research with the use of insect model organisms allows observing the development of infection in a living organism and determining the lethal doses of a given pathogen. Moreover, it enables testing the efficacy of conventional and novel antifungal drugs and determination of their dosage. It also provides information on the safety profile of novel antimycotics.

We would like to invite colleagues who study insect host–fungal pathogen interactions and virulence factors of fungi that are pathogenic for humans, as well as testing new antimycotics on insect model organisms, to submit their manuscripts for this Special Issue in the form of original research and reviews.

Dr. Sylwia Stączek
Dr. Agnieszka Zdybicka-Barabas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • insect model organism
  • antimycotics
  • fungal infections
  • animal model
  • Galleria mellonella
  • fungal pathogens
  • innate immunity
  • immune response
  • antimicrobial peptides
  • antifungal peptides

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 826 KiB  
Review
Galleria mellonella as a Model for the Study of Fungal Pathogens: Advantages and Disadvantages
by Andrea Giammarino, Nicolò Bellucci and Letizia Angiolella
Pathogens 2024, 13(3), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030233 - 7 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1424
Abstract
The study of pathogenicity and virulence of fungal strains, in vivo in the preclinical phase, is carried out through the use of animal models belonging to various classes of mammals (rodents, leproids, etc.). Although animals are functionally more similar to humans, these studies [...] Read more.
The study of pathogenicity and virulence of fungal strains, in vivo in the preclinical phase, is carried out through the use of animal models belonging to various classes of mammals (rodents, leproids, etc.). Although animals are functionally more similar to humans, these studies have some limitations in terms of ethics (animal suffering), user-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, timing (physiological response time) and logistics (need for adequately equipped laboratories). A good in vivo model must possess some optimal characteristics to be used, such as rapid growth, small size and short life cycle. For this reason, insects, such as Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera) and Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), have been widely used as alternative non-mammalian models. Due to their simplicity of use and low cost, the larvae of G. mellonella represent an optimal model above all to evaluate the virulence of fungal pathogens and the use of antifungal treatments (either single or in combination with biologically active compounds). A further advantage is also represented by their simple neuronal system limiting the suffering of the animal itself, their ability to survive at near-body ambient temperatures as well as the expression of proteins able to recognise combined pathogens following the three R principles (replacement, refinement and reduction). This review aims to assess the validity as well as the advantages and disadvantages of replacing mammalian classes with G. mellonella as an in vivo study model for preclinical experimentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Insect Organisms to Study Human Pathogenic Fungi)
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