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Pathogens
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Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
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Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2025) | Viewed by 5073

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rémy A. Bonnin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UMR-S 1184, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Interests: genetic; genomics; epidemiology; antibiotic resistance; Acinetobacter; Enterobacterales; horizontal gene transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Agnés B. Jousset

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Interests: antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial susceptibility testing; bacteriology; molecular microbiology; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multidrug resistance is a major concern in modern medicine. Since the beginning of the century, we have been challenged with the spread of antibiotic resistance, and resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics such as vancomycin or carbapenems is particularly worrisome. Among these MDR bacteria, carbapenem and/or colistin-resistant enterobacterales, as well as carbapenem-resistant non-fermenters such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, have been recognized as a global priority by the World Health Organization (WHO). Monitoring the local and global epidemiology of these resistant bacteria is therefore crucial.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

We invite contributors to submit original research papers, reviews or other article types in the following areas:

(1) Genetics and genomics of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria;

(2) Recent changes in the epidemiology of multidrug resistant Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria;

(3) Molecular diagnostics and the detection of resistance determinants;

(4) The description of novel resistance determinants and mechanisms involved in their acquisition.

Dr. Rémy A. Bonnin
Dr. Agnés B. Jousset
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotic resistance
  • Enterobacterales
  • Pseudomonas
  • Acinetobacter
  • multidrug-resistant bacteria

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 230 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Reveal® AST (SPECIFIC) for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Positive Blood Culture Spiked with Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates
by Delphine Girlich, Agnès B. Jousset, Cécile Emeraud, Inès Rezzoug, Reece Burwell, Pragya Singh, Paul A. Rhodes, Thierry Naas, Rémy A. Bonnin and Laurent Dortet
Pathogens 2024, 13(9), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090722 - 27 Aug 2024
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Abstract
As bloodstream infections and associated septic shock are common causes of mortality in hospitals, rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) performed directly on positive blood cultures is needed to implement an efficient therapy in clinical settings. We evaluated the Reveal® rapid AST system [...] Read more.
As bloodstream infections and associated septic shock are common causes of mortality in hospitals, rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) performed directly on positive blood cultures is needed to implement an efficient therapy in clinical settings. We evaluated the Reveal® rapid AST system on a collection of 197 fully characterized carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, including 177 carbapenemase producers (CPE) spiked in blood culture bottles. The clinical categorization based on the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination of eighteen antimicrobial molecules was compared to the clinical categorization based on the disk diffusion assay as a reference. The Reveal AST system provided results within a mean time to result of 5 h. Overall, the categorical agreement (CA) between the two techniques was 94.1%. The rates of very major errors (VMEs), major errors (MEs) and minor errors (mEs) were 3.8%, 3.7% and 5.6%, respectively. Imipenem was the antimicrobial with the lowest CA rate (78.7%), with rates of 15% VMEs and 10.7% MEs, but the performances were better when considering only the non-CPE category (CA of 89%). On this resistant collection of Enterobacterales with numerous acquired β-lactamases, the Specific Reveal assay proved to be useful for a rapid determination of AST compatible with a quick adaptation of the patient’s antimicrobial treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria)
13 pages, 1762 KiB  
Article
Carriage Rate of Enterobacterales Resistant to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in the Tunisian Population
by Ahlem Mahjoub Khachroub, Meriem Souguir, Pierre Châtre, Nour Elhouda Bouhlel, Nadia Jaidane, Antoine Drapeau, Marah El Kantaoui, Sana Azaiez, Jean-Yves Madec, Wejdene Mansour and Marisa Haenni
Pathogens 2024, 13(8), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080624 - 26 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Enterobacterales resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) are a marker of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden. They are infecting humans, but the intestinal microbiota can also be transiently colonized without developing symptoms. Healthy carriage can promote silent dissemination of resistant bacteria, and data on [...] Read more.
Enterobacterales resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) are a marker of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden. They are infecting humans, but the intestinal microbiota can also be transiently colonized without developing symptoms. Healthy carriage can promote silent dissemination of resistant bacteria, and data on this colonization are often lacking. Between 2021 and 2023, a sampling of healthy Tunisian people was carried out. Fecal samples (n = 256) were plated on selective agar, and all collected isolates were characterized by phenotypic (antibiograms) and genomic (whole-genome sequencing) methods. A total of 26 (26/256, 10.2%) isolates were collected, including 24 Escherichia coli and 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae. In total, 17 isolates (15 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae) presented an ESBL phenotype conferred by the blaCTX-M-15 gene, and 9 E. coli isolates presented an AmpC phenotype conferred by the blaDHA-1 gene. K. pneumoniae belonged to ST1564 and ST313, while E. coli belonged to diverse STs including the pandemic ST131 clone. Clonally related ST349 E. coli isolates carrying the blaDHA-1 gene were found in nine individuals. In parallel, four blaCTX-M-15 -positive E. coli isolates carried this ESC-resistance gene on an epidemic plasmid IncF/F-:A-:B53 previously identified in Tunisian pigeons and fish. These findings highlight the spread of genetically diverse ESC-resistant Enterobacterales as well as an epidemic plasmid in Tunisia, emphasizing the need for antimicrobial stewardship to limit the transmission of these resistances in the Tunisian population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria)
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Review

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23 pages, 713 KiB  
Review
Molecular Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations, Decolonization Strategies, and Treatment Options of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Neonates
by Dimitrios Rallis, Natalia Atzemoglou, Konstantina Kapetaniou, Lida-Eleni Giaprou, Maria Baltogianni and Vasileios Giapros
Pathogens 2025, 14(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020155 - 5 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1686
Abstract
Preterm and low-birth-weight neonates are particularly susceptible to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, whereas MRSA infection is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The objective of our study was to examine the current body of knowledge about molecular traits, epidemiology, risk [...] Read more.
Preterm and low-birth-weight neonates are particularly susceptible to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, whereas MRSA infection is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The objective of our study was to examine the current body of knowledge about molecular traits, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, decolonization techniques, and available treatments for MRSA infection in neonates. MRSA strains that predominate in neonatal units, namely healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA, differ from community-acquired (CA)-MRSA strains in molecular characteristics, toxin synthesis, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and resistance to antibiotics. Colonization with MRSA predisposes neonates to infection. The clinical impact of MRSA infection includes bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, skin and soft tissue infections, and toxic shock syndrome. To reduce MRSA transmission, colonization, and infection, customized approaches are required, including continuous surveillance of MRSA epidemiology, new techniques for detecting MRSA resistance, and the application of basic preventive measures. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is essential to identify the best empirical antimicrobial treatments. The growing antibiotic resistance of MRSA remains challenging, and vancomycin is still the best option. Further extensive research and surveillance are warranted to explore the genetic diversity and prevalence of MRSA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria)
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