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Contemporary Endocrinology
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Contemporary Endocrinology

A special issue of Medical Sciences (ISSN 2076-3271). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 23175

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sanjay Kalra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Immediate Past President, Endocrine Society of India, Bharti Hospital, Karnal 132001, India
Interests: diabetes; diabetes pharmacotherapy; person-centered care; psychosocial aspects of endocrinology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aim

Endocrinology and metabolism are rapidly advancing fields of medicine. The quantity and quality of research in these sciences keeps pace with the epidemic proportions of endocrine and metabolic disease. This Special Issue on Contemporary Endocrinology encourages original work and thoughts which have diagnostic, clinical, or public health relevance. The Issue aims to explore the vast spectrum of endocrinology, and highlight its expanding horizons.

Scope

Newer insights in

  • Pathogenesis;
  • Diagnosis and monitoring;
  • Management;
  • Prevention/public health of endocrine disease.

Dr. Sanjay Kalra
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medical Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adrenal
  • bone
  • diabetes
  • dyslipidemia
  • endocrinology
  • gonads
  • hypothalamus
  • metabolism
  • obesity
  • ovaries
  • pancreas
  • parathyroid
  • pituitary
  • testes
  • thyroid

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 326 KiB  
Article
Safety of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus over a Period of 1 Year during Routine Clinical Care in India: SMART (Study of Management of Diabetes with Ryzodeg™ Treatment)
by Jothydev Kesavadev, Ambanna Gowda, Harish Kumar, Sadasiva Rao Yalamanchi, Sailesh Lodha, Kiran Pal Singh, Debasis Basu, Arthur Asirvatham, Navneet Shah, Muzammil Khan Pathan, Manjunatha Revanna and Jagat Jyoti Mukherjee
Med. Sci. 2022, 10(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10010001 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3418
Abstract
This post-authorization study was conducted to evaluate the safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) in adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) during routine clinical care under a real-world setting in India. Eligible patients received IDegAsp for a minimum of 12 months during routine [...] Read more.
This post-authorization study was conducted to evaluate the safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) in adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) during routine clinical care under a real-world setting in India. Eligible patients received IDegAsp for a minimum of 12 months during routine clinical management. Data were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months. In total, 1029 adult patients with DM were included; 65.2% (n = 671) were men; mean age was 55.0 ± 12.2 years, and the mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 10.8 ± 7.4 years. Thirty adverse events were reported in 23 patients (2.2%) during the follow-up: two adverse events in two patients were serious with fatal outcomes, which were unrelated to IDegAsp use. At baseline, there were 176 confirmed hypoglycemic events in 67 (6.7%) patients while they were on their previous treatment options. At 12 months of treatment with IDegAsp, 11 confirmed hypoglycemic events were reported in 11 (1.1%) patients since the previous visit; there were no reported episodes of severe hypoglycemia. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin value reduced from 9.5% ± 1.8% at baseline to 7.7% ± 1.1% at 12 months. This study showed the safety of IDegAsp in patients with diabetes mellitus over a period of 1 year during routine clinical care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Endocrinology)
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8 pages, 250 KiB  
Article
Trabecular Bone Score and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Morbid Obesity—A Clinical Paradox
by Antresa Jose, Kripa Elizabeth Cherian, Munaf Babajan Nandyal, Stephen A. Jiwanmall, Dheeraj Kattula, Thomas V. Paul and Nitin Kapoor
Med. Sci. 2021, 9(4), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci9040069 - 09 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2905
Abstract
Obesity has long been considered to have a protective effect on bone, but specific complications in those with morbid obesity are known to have a detrimental impact on bone architecture. We aimed to study the bone microarchitecture (TBS—trabecular bone score) and bone mineral [...] Read more.
Obesity has long been considered to have a protective effect on bone, but specific complications in those with morbid obesity are known to have a detrimental impact on bone architecture. We aimed to study the bone microarchitecture (TBS—trabecular bone score) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with morbid obesity compared to obese and non-obese age-matched women. Eighty-five consecutive postmenopausal women with morbid obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) were enrolled and compared to age-matched obese (n = 80) and non-obese postmenopausal controls (n = 85). The BMD and TBS were assessed in all subjects using a Hologic-QDR 4500-W Discovery-A DXA scanner. The mean BMD (gm/cm2) at the femoral neck in women with morbid obesity was found to be significantly lower as compared to the age-matched postmenopausal obese controls (0.723 versus 0.762, p-value = 0.002). The BMD at the lumbar spine and hip showed similar trends but were not statistically significant. The bone microarchitecture was found to be significantly lower in those with morbid obesity (1.205) as compared to the other two groups (obesity 1.244; non-obese 1.228) (p < 0.013). Though obesity was associated with a better bone density and bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal women, a paradoxical lower value was seen in those with morbid obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Endocrinology)
11 pages, 476 KiB  
Article
Mortality and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes
by Viny Kantroo, Manjit S. Kanwar, Piyush Goyal, Deepak Rosha, Nikhil Modi, Avdhesh Bansal, Athar Parvez Ansari, Subhash Kumar Wangnoo, Sanjay Sobti, Sudha Kansal, Rajesh Chawla, Sanjiv Jasuja and Ishan Gupta
Med. Sci. 2021, 9(4), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci9040065 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2938
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a decisive risk factor for severe illness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). India is home to a large number of people with DM, and many of them were infected with COVID-19. It is critical to understand the impact [...] Read more.
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a decisive risk factor for severe illness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). India is home to a large number of people with DM, and many of them were infected with COVID-19. It is critical to understand the impact of DM on mortality and other clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection from this region. Aims The primary objective of our study was to analyze the mortality rate in people with DM infected with COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to assess the effect of various comorbidities on mortality and study the impact of DM on other clinical outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 infected patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India in the early phase of the pandemic. Results Of the 1211 cases admitted, 19 were excluded because of incomplete data, and 1192 cases were finally considered for analysis. DM constituted 26.8% of total patients. The overall mortality rate was 6.1%, and the rate was 10.7% in the presence of diabetes (p < 0.01, OR 2.55). In univariate analysis, increased age, chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, and cancer were associated with mortality. On multiple logistic regression, the independent predictors of mortality were CAD, CKD, and cancer. Breathlessness and low SpO2 at presentation, extensive involvement in CXR, and elevated ANC/ALC ratio were also significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions The presence of comorbidities such as DM, hypertension, CAD, CKD, and cancer strongly predict the risk of mortality in COVID-19 infection. Early triaging and aggressive therapy of patients with these comorbidities can optimize clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Endocrinology)
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7 pages, 360 KiB  
Article
Mindfulness Meditation as Adjunctive Therapy to Improve the Glycemic Care and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
by Rishi Shukla, Manisha Gupta, Neha Agarwal and Anurag Bajpai
Med. Sci. 2021, 9(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci9020033 - 21 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2471
Abstract
Background: Mindfulness Meditation (MM) is known to improve glycemic control and enhance the quality of life (QoL) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Unfortunately, the role of meditation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been studied extensively. Therefore, we conducted this study [...] Read more.
Background: Mindfulness Meditation (MM) is known to improve glycemic control and enhance the quality of life (QoL) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Unfortunately, the role of meditation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been studied extensively. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the effect of MM on the glycemic control and QoL in people living with T1D. Methodology: Thirty-two adults living with T1D were equally randomized into intervention (meditation) and control groups. The glycemic control and QoL were assessed at the baseline and after six months of intervention. Results: A total of thirty-two adults (15 males, 46.9%; mean age 23.8 ± 6.6 years) with type 1 diabetes (mean diabetes duration 12.7 ± 6.2 years) participated in the study. At the end of six months, a statistically significant improvement was seen in the mean blood glucose level in the control group (222.4 ± 77.8 versus 182.6 ± 52.0; p = 0.007) and the intervention group (215.3 ± 50.1 versus 193.2 ± 31.8; p = 0.008). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the total diabetes distress score in the intervention group (1.6 ± 0.3 versus 1.3 ± 0.3; p = 0.003), while no change was observed in the control group (1.6 ± 0.7 versus 1.7 ± 0.4; p = 0.762). A statistically significant improvement was noticed in the health and functioning domain in the intervention group (p = 0.023). Conclusions: An improvement in the glycemic control and quality of life of the patients was observed in our study. MM certainly plays an important role in attaining peace of mind and helps patients to channel their energy in a positive direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Endocrinology)
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Review

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27 pages, 411 KiB  
Review
Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Strategies and Clinical Implications
by Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Lakshmi Nagendra, Aishwarya Krishnamurthy, Om J. Lakhani, Nitin Kapoor, Bharti Kalra and Sanjay Kalra
Med. Sci. 2021, 9(4), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci9040059 - 23 Sep 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4396
Abstract
Preexisting diabetes mellitus (DM) should be ruled out early in pregnancy in those at risk. During screening, a significant proportion of women do not reach the threshold for overt DM but fulfill the criteria used for diagnosing conventional gestational DM (cGDM). There is [...] Read more.
Preexisting diabetes mellitus (DM) should be ruled out early in pregnancy in those at risk. During screening, a significant proportion of women do not reach the threshold for overt DM but fulfill the criteria used for diagnosing conventional gestational DM (cGDM). There is no consensus on the management of pregnancies with intermediate levels of hyperglycemia thus diagnosed. We have used the term early gestational DM (eGDM) for this condition and reviewed the currently available literature. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are the commonly employed screening tools in early pregnancy. Observational studies suggest that early pregnancy FPG and Hba1c correlate with the risk of cGDM and adverse perinatal outcomes. However, specific cut-offs, including those proposed by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, do not reliably predict the development of cGDM. Emerging data, though indicate that FPG ≥ 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L), even in the absence of cGDM, signals the risk for perinatal complication. Elevated HbA1c, especially a level ≥ 5.9%, also correlates with the risk of cGDM and worsened outcome. HbA1c as a diagnostic test is however besieged with the usual caveats that occur in pregnancy. The studies that explored the effects of intervention present conflicting results, including a possibility of fetal malnutrition and small-for-date baby in the early treatment group. Diagnostic thresholds and glycemic targets in eGDM may differ, and large multicenter randomized controlled trials are necessary to define the appropriate strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Endocrinology)
16 pages, 777 KiB  
Review
Hepatocrinology
by Sanjay Kalra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya and Pawan Rawal
Med. Sci. 2021, 9(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci9020039 - 01 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3233
Abstract
Hepatocrinology is defined as a bidirectional, complex relationship between hepatic physiology and endocrine function, hepatic disease and endocrine dysfunction, hepatotropic drugs and endocrine function, and endocrine drugs and hepatic health. The scope of hepatocrinology includes conditions of varied etiology (metabolic, infectious, autoimmune, and [...] Read more.
Hepatocrinology is defined as a bidirectional, complex relationship between hepatic physiology and endocrine function, hepatic disease and endocrine dysfunction, hepatotropic drugs and endocrine function, and endocrine drugs and hepatic health. The scope of hepatocrinology includes conditions of varied etiology (metabolic, infectious, autoimmune, and invasive) that we term as hepato-endocrine syndromes. This perspective shares the definition, concept, and scope of hepatocrinology and shares insight related to this aspect of medicine. It is hoped that this communication will encourage further attention and research in this critical field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Endocrinology)
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23 pages, 462 KiB  
Review
Expert Group Recommendations on the Effective Use of Bolus Insulin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Rajeev Chawla, Jagat Jyoti Mukherjee, Manoj Chawla, Alok Kanungo, Meenakshi Sundaram Shunmugavelu and Ashok Kumar Das
Med. Sci. 2021, 9(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci9020038 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2864
Abstract
Evidence suggests a major contribution of postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions to the increased risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Administration of bolus insulin remains a very effective therapeutic option for PPG control. The aim of [...] Read more.
Evidence suggests a major contribution of postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions to the increased risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Administration of bolus insulin remains a very effective therapeutic option for PPG control. The aim of this expert group recommendation document was to provide practical and easy-to-execute guidelines for physicians on the appropriate use of bolus insulin in the management of T2DM. A panel of key opinion leaders from India reviewed and discussed the available clinical evidence and guideline recommendations on the following topics: (1) optimum control of PPG; (2) choice of bolus insulin; and (3) special situations and practical considerations. The expert panel critically analyzed the current literature and clinical practice guidelines and factored their rich clinical experience to develop a set of nine expert group recommendations for the effective use of bolus insulin. These recommendations will not only result in a more evidence-based application of bolus insulin in the clinical setting but also trigger further research and provide a valuable base for the development of future guidelines on the use of bolus insulin in the management of individuals with T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Endocrinology)
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