GenAI-Enabled Land Use Mapping as the Base for Modelling and Earth-Oriented Digital Twins

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land – Observation and Monitoring".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 308

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Czech Centre for Science and Society, WirelessInfo, Plan4all z.s., K Rybníčku 557, 33012 Horní Bříza, Czech Republic
Interests: GeoAI; GeoLLM; spatial data infrastructures; geospatial interoperability; earth observation for sustainability; digital twins; semantic integration; spatial decision support for agriculture, forestry, climate adaptation and regional development
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Guest Editor
Department of Geomatics, University of West Bohemia, Technická 8, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
Interests: land use; GIS; data mamangment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accurate, temporally consistent land-use/land-cover (LULC) information is a prerequisite for process-based environmental modeling and Earth-oriented Digital Twins. Recent progress in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)—including foundation models for vision, multimodal learning, and synthetic data generation—enables improved representation of heterogeneous landscapes, the fusion of multi-sensor data (optical, SAR, LiDAR), and systematic gap-filling in sparse time series. This Special Issue continues the previous “Land Use Mapping as the Base for Modeling and Earth-Oriented Digital Twins” and focuses on GenAI methods that increase mapping fidelity, update frequency, and the readiness of land products for downstream simulation, assessment, and decision support.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research articles and reviews that (i) develop, benchmark, or rigorously assess GenAI approaches for LULC mapping and change detection, and (ii) demonstrate their added value for environmental modeling and Earth-oriented Digital Twins at local to global scales, in alignment with the journal’s scope on land systems, monitoring, and policy-relevant analytics.

Topics of interest include (this list is non-exhaustive):

  • GenAI for semantic segmentation, instance mapping, change detection, and time-series reconstruction from EO data;
  • Multimodal/multi-resolution fusion (EO, in-situ, socioeconomic, knowledge graphs, text);
  • Synthetic data and augmentation; self-/semi-supervised pretraining under limited labels;
  • Uncertainty quantification, calibration, and explainability for decision-relevant land products;
  • Interoperable, reproducible pipelines delivering model-ready land data to Digital Twins;
  • Benchmarking protocols and open datasets;
  • Applications in agriculture, forestry, urban systems, hazards, biodiversity, and carbon accounting;
  • Implications for governance and standards.

The Special Issue welcomes methodological advances, application studies, benchmark datasets, and systematic reviews. 

Dr. Karel Charvat
Dr. Tomas Mildorf
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • generative AI (GenAI)
  • land-use/Land-cover (LULC) mapping
  • earth observation (optical, SAR, LiDAR)
  • multimodal data fusion
  • earth-oriented digital twins
  • uncertainty quantification and explainability

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Research

28 pages, 1765 KB  
Article
Energy-Aware AI for Landscape-Scale Conservation: A Digital Twin Architecture for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
by Harsh Deep Singh Narula
Land 2026, 15(5), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15050824 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2026
Abstract
Conservation management of large, multi-species landscapes requires integrating heterogeneous data streams—such as satellite imagery, GPS telemetry, camera traps, bioacoustic sensors, weather stations, and field reports—into a unified model capable of simulating ecosystem dynamics and generating actionable recommendations. This paper proposes a tiered, energy-aware [...] Read more.
Conservation management of large, multi-species landscapes requires integrating heterogeneous data streams—such as satellite imagery, GPS telemetry, camera traps, bioacoustic sensors, weather stations, and field reports—into a unified model capable of simulating ecosystem dynamics and generating actionable recommendations. This paper proposes a tiered, energy-aware AI architecture for constructing ecosystem digital twins that enables prescriptive, rather than merely descriptive or predictive, landscape-scale conservation management. The framework classifies conservation tasks across three computational tiers: classical machine learning for continuous environmental monitoring and species distribution prediction, deep learning for perception-oriented tasks such as computer vision and bioacoustic analysis, and foundation models for cross-domain synthesis and stakeholder interaction. We apply this architecture to a comprehensive digital twin of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, anchored in the ongoing conservation crisis of the Sublette Pronghorn Herd—a population that crashed from 43,000 to 24,000 animals in a single winter due to compounding severe weather and a Mycoplasma bovis outbreak. We formalize a coupled change model linking population dynamics, forage condition, corridor permeability, winter severity, and disease pressure, and demonstrate how a prescriptive recommendations engine can generate goal-conditioned management actions for the herd’s 165-mile “Path of the Pronghorn” migration corridor. A comparative energy footprint analysis, grounded in hardware-level energy measurements using Intel RAPL instrumentation and the CodeCarbon framework, estimates that the tiered architecture reduces computational energy consumption by approximately 34% relative to a deep-learning-everywhere baseline and by over three orders of magnitude relative to a foundation-model-centric baseline. The architecture provides a replicable blueprint for resource-constrained conservation organizations seeking to deploy AI-powered ecosystem management at landscape scale. Full article
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