Progress and Challenges in Biomedical Image Analysis—2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Imaging (ISSN 2313-433X). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 586

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117583, Singapore
Interests: AI for healthcare; cardiac digital twins; medical imaging; multimodal AI
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Interests: medical data analysis; robust and interpretable AI; multi-modal data analysis and AI
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Editors are grateful to the many researchers who contributed to the success of the first volume of this Special Issue (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jimaging/special_issues/2112PXP61G). We are now very pleased to announce the second edition: “Progress and Challenges in Biomedical Image Analysis—2nd Edition”.

We are currently seeing a growing interest in the dynamic and rapidly evolving field of biomedical image analysis, which plays a vital role in a wide range of healthcare applications, ranging from diagnostics to identifying individualized health trends or treatment. With the development and progress that have been made in biomedical imaging technology, biomedical imaging has become an essential tool in daily medical diagnostics. In addition, transformational analytics tools, especially artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and capabilities, are being made more accessible to researchers and healthcare. This has led to medical image analysis becoming more and more important for both research and clinical medicine/healthcare communities. From traditional radiological imaging to cutting-edge techniques, this Special Issue seeks to create a platform for researchers to not only showcase their latest advancements but also share invaluable insights and collectively address challenges in biomedical image analysis through review papers. Beyond individual contributions, this Special Issue aspires to catalyze a transformative impact on digitization (including AI) in healthcare, with a particular focus on personalized medicine.

By inviting authors to share their expertise and research findings, the initiative aims to shape the future landscape of biomedical image applications. The overarching goal is to create a knowledge-sharing hub that accelerates progress, fostering innovation in biomedical image analysis and ensuring its continued relevance in the broader context of the evolution of healthcare.

Dr. Lei Li
Dr. Zehor Belkhatir
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biomedical image
  • image segmentation
  • image registration
  • image classification
  • advances in machine/deep learning (e.g., federated learning)
  • foundation models in medical imaging
  • digital twins
  • image-based personalized medicine
  • integration of imaging and non-imaging data (multi-modal analysis)
  • explainable and interpretable AI
  • radiomics analysis
  • computer-aided diagnosis and surgery

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 1804 KB  
Article
Automatic Algorithm-Aided Segmentation of Retinal Nerve Fibers Using Fundus Photographs
by Diego Luján Villarreal
J. Imaging 2025, 11(9), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11090294 - 28 Aug 2025
Viewed by 352
Abstract
This work presents an image processing algorithm for the segmentation of the personalized mapping of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) bundle trajectories in the human retina. To segment RNFL bundles, preprocessing steps were used for noise reduction and illumination correction. Blood vessels were [...] Read more.
This work presents an image processing algorithm for the segmentation of the personalized mapping of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) bundle trajectories in the human retina. To segment RNFL bundles, preprocessing steps were used for noise reduction and illumination correction. Blood vessels were removed. The image was fed to a maximum–minimum modulation algorithm to isolate retinal nerve fiber (RNF) segments. A modified Garway-Heath map categorizes RNF orientation, assuming designated sets of orientation angles for aligning RNFs direction. Bezier curves fit RNFs from the center of the optic disk (OD) to their corresponding end. Fundus images from five different databases (n = 300) were tested, with 277 healthy normal subjects and 33 classified as diabetic without any sign of diabetic retinopathy. The algorithm successfully traced fiber trajectories per fundus across all regions identified by the Garway-Heath map. The resulting trace images were compared to the Jansonius map, reaching an average efficiency of 97.44% and working well with those of low resolution. The average mean difference in orientation angles of the included images was 11.01 ± 1.25 and the average RMSE was 13.82 ± 1.55. A 24-2 visual field (VF) grid pattern was overlaid onto the fundus to relate the VF test points to the intersection of RNFL bundles and their entry angles into the OD. The mean standard deviation (95% limit) obtained 13.5° (median 14.01°), ranging from less than 1° to 28.4° for 50 out of 52 VF locations. The influence of optic parameters was explored using multiple linear regression. Average angle trajectories in the papillomacular region were significantly influenced (p < 0.00001) by the latitudinal optic disk position and disk–fovea angle. Given the basic biometric ground truth data (only fovea and OD centers) that is publicly accessible, the algorithm can be customized to individual eyes and distinguish fibers with accuracy by considering unique anatomical features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Challenges in Biomedical Image Analysis—2nd Edition)
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