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Effect of Lipids and Lipoproteins on Atherosclerosis
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Effect of Lipids and Lipoproteins on Atherosclerosis

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Acquired Cardiovascular Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2025) | Viewed by 2381

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maciej Banach

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
2. Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
3. Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
4. Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Interests: lipid disorders; cardiovascular prevention; therapy; longevity; risk stratification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joanna Lewek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Interests: lipid disorders; cardiovascular prevention; therapy; risk stratification; familial hypercholesterolemia
Dr. Bożena Sosnowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Interests: lipoprotein(a); risk stratification; lipid disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, is profoundly influenced by the levels and types of lipids and lipoproteins in the bloodstream. This Special Issue focuses on the pivotal role that lipids and lipoproteins play in the development, progression, and potential reversal of atherosclerosis. It will explore the molecular mechanisms by which different lipid species and lipoprotein particles contribute to plaque formation and instability, as well as the impact of lipid-lowering therapies on cardiovascular outcomes.

Topics of interest include the roles of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, and emerging lipid biomarkers in atherosclerosis, as well as the latest insights into lipid metabolism and its genetic regulation.

We invite researchers to submit original research articles and reviews  that deepen our understanding of the relationship between lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis, with the ultimate goal of improving prevention and treatment strategies for cardiovascular disease.

Prof. Dr. Maciej Banach
Dr. Joanna Lewek
Dr. Bożena Sosnowska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atherosclerosis
  • lipids and lipoproteins
  • low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
  • high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
  • triglycerides
  • lipid metabolism
  • lipid biomarkers
  • plaque formation
  • plaque instability
  • lipid-lowering therapies

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 2377 KiB  
Review
Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy Following Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Earlier the Better
by Akshyaya Pradhan, Prachi Sharma, Sudesh Prajapathi, Maurizio Aracri, Ferdinando Iellamo and Marco Alfonso Perrone
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(8), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12080300 - 4 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Elevated levels of atherogenic lipoproteins are known to be associated with an increased risk of incident and recurrent cardiovascular events. Knowing that the immediate post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) period is associated with the maximum risk of recurrent events, the gradual escalation of therapy [...] Read more.
Elevated levels of atherogenic lipoproteins are known to be associated with an increased risk of incident and recurrent cardiovascular events. Knowing that the immediate post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) period is associated with the maximum risk of recurrent events, the gradual escalation of therapy allows the patient to remain above the targets during the most vulnerable period. In addition, the percentage of lipid-lowering levels for each class of drugs is predictable and has a ceiling. Hence, it is prudent to immediately start with a combination of lipid-lowering drugs following ACS according to the baseline lipid levels. Multiple studies with injectable lipid-lowering agents (PCSK9 inhibitors) such as EVOPACS, PACMAN MI, and HUYGENS MI have shown the feasibility of achieving LDL-C goals by day 28 and beneficial plaque modification in non-infarct-related coronary arteries. Recently, a study from India demonstrated that an upfront triple combination of oral lipid-lowering agents was able to achieve LDL-C goals in a majority of patients in the early post-ACS period. This notion is also supported by a few recent lipid-lowering guidelines advocating for an upfront dual combination of a high-intensity statin and ezetimibe following ACS. Henceforth, the goal should not only be the achievement of lipid targets but also their early achievement. However, the impact of this strategy on long-term cardiovascular outcomes is yet to be ascertained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Lipids and Lipoproteins on Atherosclerosis)
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15 pages, 584 KiB  
Review
The Role of Non-HDL Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review
by Vasiliki Katsi, Nikolaos Argyriou, Christos Fragoulis and Konstantinos Tsioufis
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(7), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12070256 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1142
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, even in the era of aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering. This persistent residual risk has prompted a reevaluation of atherogenic lipid markers, with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein [...] Read more.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, even in the era of aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering. This persistent residual risk has prompted a reevaluation of atherogenic lipid markers, with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) emerging as superior indicators of the total atherogenic particle burden. Unlike LDL-C, non-HDL-C includes cholesterol from all atherogenic lipoproteins, while Apo B reflects the total number of atherogenic particles regardless of cholesterol content. Their clinical relevance is underscored in populations with diabetes, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia, where LDL-C may not adequately reflect cardiovascular risk. This review explores the biological, clinical, and genetic foundations of non-HDL-C and Apo B as critical tools for risk stratification and therapeutic targeting. It highlights discordance analysis, inflammatory mechanisms in atherogenesis, the influence of metabolic syndromes, and their utility in specific populations, including those with chronic kidney disease and children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, the role of lipoprotein (a), glycation in diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia are examined as contributors to residual risk. Clinical trials and genetic studies support Apo B and non-HDL-C as more robust predictors of cardiovascular events than LDL-C. Current guidelines increasingly endorse these markers as secondary or even preferred targets in complex lipid disorders. The incorporation of Apo B and non-HDL-C into routine clinical practice, especially for patients with residual risk, represents a paradigm shift toward personalized cardiovascular prevention. The review concludes with recommendations for guideline integration, emerging therapies, and future directions in biomarker-driven cardiovascular risk management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Lipids and Lipoproteins on Atherosclerosis)
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