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Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health-Related Quality of Life".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 4899

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
Interests: physical activity and exercise for health; epidemiology; effects of physical training to older people
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As people age, they may experience several changes that can impact their health and quality of life, including physical and cognitive changes. Common physical changes include decreased muscle mass and strength (i.e., sarcopenia), consequently resulting in impaired mobility, balance problems, and falling. The aging process may also be aggravated by the presence or combination of chronic diseases, poor nutrition, and sedentary behavior, and, once they are related to frailty, a multidimensional state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.

It is understood that regular exercise and proper nutrition are effective to counteract sarcopenia and frailty in older adults, being related to both physical and cognitive aspects. However, there is still much to elucidate. Considering this, this Special Issue aims to disseminate studies focused on identifying the characteristics and/or magnitude of physical and cognitive aspects (or changes) in older people (e.g., by the analysis of body composition, physical function (and activities of daily living), strength, balance, sedentary behavior, noncommunicable diseases); as well as to identify exercise programs (i.e., types, frequency, and intensity) and nutritional programs that can promote health (e.g., prevent or slow the progression of frailty) in this population. Interventions, case-control, cross-sectional, longitudinal, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis studies are welcomed for submission.

Dr. Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • body composition
  • frailty
  • physical health
  • cognitive health
  • noncommunicable diseases
  • physical function
  • muscle power
  • rehabilitation
  • sarcopenia
  • strength

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1442 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Functional Training on the Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Physical Fitness of Resistant Hypertensive Elderly People: A Randomized Clinical Rehearsal with Preliminary Results
by Jenifer Kelly Pinheiro, Marcos Antonio Araújo Bezerra, Bárbara Raquel Souza Santos, Antônio Gomes de Resende-Neto and Rogério Brandão Wichi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(8), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081015 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 677
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the impact of functional training (FT) on the ambulatory blood pressure and physical fitness of resistant hypertensive older adults. Method: This randomized clinical and controlled rehearsal involved 15 participants from Juazeiro do Norte-CE divided into two groups: a control [...] Read more.
Objective: This study evaluated the impact of functional training (FT) on the ambulatory blood pressure and physical fitness of resistant hypertensive older adults. Method: This randomized clinical and controlled rehearsal involved 15 participants from Juazeiro do Norte-CE divided into two groups: a control group (CG), n = 7, without physical training, and an experimental group (EG), n = 8, subjected to 24 sessions of FT. The comparative analysis included ambulatory blood pressure (24 h mapping) and physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), using an ANOVA of two factors, an alpha of 0.05, and a post hoc by Bonferroni where necessary. The dimension of the intervention effect was verified using Eta Squared. Results: The results show that FT promoted a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SAP) during the day and at night, as well as improving physical fitness, including the force/resistance of the lower and upper limbs, physical mobility, and aerobic resistance. The flexibility of the upper and lower limbs was not affected. Conclusion: It is concluded that FT is effective in reducing SAP and improving physical fitness in resistant older adults. However, this type of training may positively influence general physical fitness of older adults with resistant hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults)
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13 pages, 389 KiB  
Article
Differential Factors Are Associated with Physical Activity in Older Adults in Brazil with and without Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2019 National Health Survey
by Zainovan Serrão Pereira, Amanda Santos da Silva, João Carlos do Nascimento Melo, Jullyane Caldas dos Santos, Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio, Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos Silva, Raphael Henrique de Oliveira Araújo and Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(14), 6329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146329 - 9 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1288
Abstract
This study analyzed whether sociodemographic factors, health perception, dietary habits, and screen time are related to physical activity (PA) in older people with and without non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey; the sample [...] Read more.
This study analyzed whether sociodemographic factors, health perception, dietary habits, and screen time are related to physical activity (PA) in older people with and without non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey; the sample was older adults (≥60 years old; n = 22,726). The outcome of this study was being physically active or inactive during leisure time, and NCD was used as a moderating variable. The correlates investigated were sociodemographic and health-related variables. According to the logistic regression analysis, it was observed that being male had an association only in the group with NCDs (OR = 1.25 (1.05–1.48)), as well as residing in the northeastern region (OR = 1.26 (1.04–1.53)). On the other hand, high levels of education (OR = 4.09 (2.92–5.2); OR = 1.92 (1.48–2.49)) and income (OR = 1.64 (1.09–2.48); OR = 1.86 (1.33–2.60)) were associated with PA in both groups, as well as dietary habits (OR = 1.03 (1.01–1.05); (OR = 1.05 (1.04–1.07)). Advanced age (OR = 0.96 (0.94–0.97); OR = 0.97 (0.96–0.98)) and reporting a regular health perception (OR = 0.53 (0.43–0.66); OR = 0.61 (0.52–0.73)) were factors associated with physical inactivity in both groups. Gender, education, and income were unequally associated with an active lifestyle in both groups, and therefore, barriers to PA may arise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults)
12 pages, 934 KiB  
Article
Inter-Examiner and Intra-Examiner Reliability of Quantitative and Qualitative Ultrasonography Assessment of Peripheral and Respiratory Muscles in Critically Ill Patients
by Felipe Douglas Silva Barbosa, José Lucas Dos Santos, Maria Emilia Dantas Alves, Juliana de Ávila Barreto Alves, Telma Cristina Fontes Cerqueira and Valter Joviniano De Santana Filho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(9), 5636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095636 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1745
Abstract
ICU patients are exposed to several factors that can lead to muscle structural and functional changes, and ultrasonography can identify them. Although several studies have analyzed the reliability of muscle ultrasonography assessment, a protocol with more muscle assessments becomes a challenge. The aim [...] Read more.
ICU patients are exposed to several factors that can lead to muscle structural and functional changes, and ultrasonography can identify them. Although several studies have analyzed the reliability of muscle ultrasonography assessment, a protocol with more muscle assessments becomes a challenge. The aim of this study was to analyze the inter and intra-examiner reliability of peripheral and respiratory muscle ultrasonography assessment in critically ill patients. The sample size was 10 individuals aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted to the ICU. Practical training of four health professionals from different backgrounds was performed. After training, each examiner acquired three images to assess the thickness and echogenicity of the muscle groups: biceps brachii, forearm flexor group, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior and diaphragm. For the reliability analysis, an intraclass correlation coefficient was performed. Six hundred US images were analyzed for muscle thickness and 150 for echogenicity. Excellent intra-examiner reliability for echogenicity (ICC: 0.867–0.973) and inter-examiner reliability for thickness were found in all muscle groups (ICC: 0.778–0.942). For muscle thickness intra-examiner reliability, excellent results were found (ICC: 0.798–0.988), with a “good” correlation in one diaphragm assessment (ICC: 0.718). Excellent inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the thickness assessment and intra-examiner echogenicity of all muscles analyzed were found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults)
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Other

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19 pages, 683 KiB  
Systematic Review
Impact of Muscle Changes Assessed by Ultrasonography on Muscle Strength and Functioning after ICU Discharge: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Felipe Douglas Silva Barbosa, Brenda Stephanie Santos Nascimento, Maysa Carolina de França Souza Silva, Telma Cristina Fontes Cerqueira and Valter Joviniano de Santana Filho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070908 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 650
Abstract
Background: Ultrasonography has been used to identify structural, quantitative, and qualitative muscle changes. These changes have been assessed in different muscles during ICU stays; however, it is unclear if it can predict functioning after ICU discharge. Objective: To analyze the relationship between muscle [...] Read more.
Background: Ultrasonography has been used to identify structural, quantitative, and qualitative muscle changes. These changes have been assessed in different muscles during ICU stays; however, it is unclear if it can predict functioning after ICU discharge. Objective: To analyze the relationship between muscle changes assessed by ultrasonography and the strength and functioning of ICU survivors. Methods: A systematic review with a meta-analysis was performed according to the MOOSE guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Searches of the following databases were performed by two of the authors: PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Qualitative analysis was performed using NOS and AHRQ scales. Meta-analysis was performed using the “R”, “metafor” package. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and Cochran’s Q test. Meta-regression analyses were performed to verify the moderators, and funnel plots and Egger’s regression intercept test were used to analyze the publication bias. Results: Sixteen articles were included in the qualitative assessment, and nine were used in the quantitative assessment. There is evidence of correlations between MT and muscle strength (r = 0.20 [0.11; 0.27]; p < 0.0001), and MT (r = 0.35 [0.19; 0.49]; p < 0.0001), CSA (r = 0.30 [0.10; 0.47]; p = 0.0038), EI (r = −0.29 [−0.53; −0.01]; p = 0.043) and mobility. In the subgroup analyses, some evidence of a correlation between specific muscles and strength and mobility were found. Conclusions: There is evidence for the correlation between muscle characteristics assessed by US and functioning outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults)
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