Neurodiagnostics in Public Health: Cognitive Decline, Mental Health, and Emerging Technologies

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1942

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
Interests: environmental health; environmental microbiology; epidemiology of foodborne and waterborne diseases; risk assessment; molecular epidemiology; environmental virology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurocognitive disorders such as dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and neuropsychiatric diseases are increasing globally and impose a substantial burden on healthcare systems and public health policy. Their detection in the earliest stages and precise diagnosis are important for early intervention and better patient outcomes.

This Special Issue covers the interface between neurodiagnostics, public health, and cognitive neuroscience with a focus on new diagnostic approaches, psychological testing, and influences of environmental and epidemiological factors on cognitive capacity. Developments in biomarkers, artificial intelligence, digital diagnosis, and public health interventions provide encouraging avenues for early detection and intervention.

We invite original studies, systematic reviews, and clinical case studies examining novel diagnostic strategies that harness the strengths of neuropsychology, cognitive neuroscience, and public health frameworks.

Topics of Interest Include:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology:
    • Novel neuropsychological tools for early cognitive impairment detection;
    • The relationship between cognitive decline and psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia);
    • Cognitive dysfunction in post-viral syndromes (e.g., post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment).
  • Biomarkers and Imaging in Neurodiagnostics:
    • Advances in neuroimaging (fMRI, PET, EEG) for diagnosing cognitive disorders;
    • Blood-based and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases;
    • Multi-omics approaches (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in cognitive decline.
  • Public Health and Epidemiological Aspects of Cognitive Decline:
    • Environmental risk factors for cognitive impairment (air pollution, toxins, or infections);
    • Public health screening programs for the early detection of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases;
    • Socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of cognitive health.
  • Digital and AI-Driven Diagnostics:
    • AI and machine learning applications in cognitive assessment and early diagnosis;
    • Wearable and mobile technologies for cognitive monitoring;
    • Digital biomarkers and remote neuropsychological testing.

By bringing together cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuropsychology, and public health, this Special Issue seeks to drive early diagnostic solutions for neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. It will deliver a roadmap for how interdisciplinarity can lead to more accurate, affordable, and scalable diagnostics.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Diagnostics.

Dr. Evgenia Gkintoni
Prof. Dr. Apostolos Vantarakis
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurocognitive disorders
  • dementia
  • mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
  • neuropsychiatric diseases
  • biomarkers
  • imaging
  • artificial intelligence
  • digital diagnosis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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69 pages, 3340 KB  
Systematic Review
Neurodevelopmental Pathways from Maternal Obesity to Offspring Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Consequences Across Development
by Evgenia Gkintoni, Eleni Papachatzi, Erifili Efthymiadou, Emmanuella Magriplis and Apostolos Vantarakis
Healthcare 2025, 13(20), 2653; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13202653 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1633
Abstract
Background: Maternal obesity affects 20–25% of pregnancies globally and has been associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. This umbrella review synthesized evidence on neurodevelopmental pathways linking maternal obesity to offspring cognitive, executive, and behavioral outcomes. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we [...] Read more.
Background: Maternal obesity affects 20–25% of pregnancies globally and has been associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. This umbrella review synthesized evidence on neurodevelopmental pathways linking maternal obesity to offspring cognitive, executive, and behavioral outcomes. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL) for studies published 2008–2024. We included original peer-reviewed studies examining maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes using prospective cohort, experimental, neuroimaging, or systematic review designs with validated assessments. Risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, Cochrane RoB 2.0, and SYRCLE guidelines. Results: Analysis of 78 studies encompassing 650,000+ mother–child pairs from 17 countries revealed significant associations. Study designs included prospective cohorts (59%), animal experiments (22%), systematic reviews/meta-analyses (13%), neuroimaging studies (4%), and randomized trials (3%). Maternal obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was associated with reduced cognitive abilities (IQ differences: −2.5 to −5.8 points), impaired executive function (OR 1.4–2.3), and increased ADHD symptoms (OR 1.4–2.8) and emotional dysregulation (OR 1.5–2.2). Dose–response relationships revealed threshold effects at BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, accelerating at BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2. Four primary mechanistic pathways were identified: inflammatory, metabolic, epigenetic, and neurotransmitter alterations. Only 57.7% of studies used prospectively measured pre-pregnancy BMI. Conclusions: Observational and experimental evidence indicates maternal obesity represents a modifiable risk factor for offspring neurodevelopmental impairment. The primarily observational human evidence, supported by mechanistic animal studies, suggests multimodal interventions targeting identified pathways during critical windows (pre-conception through early postnatal period) warrant investigation. Full article
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