Volcanic and Tectonic Degassing

Dear Colleagues,

Volcanoes and geothermal areas emit gaseous volatiles (including water, carbon, sulphur, hydrogen, and halogen) into the atmosphere, both between and during volcanic eruptions. Volcanic outgassing of volatiles is significant as a source of components of the atmosphere across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Volcanic emissions and their evolved forms may modify both physical and chemical processes in Earth’s atmosphere and, on the geological timescale, are among the foremost controls on planetary habitability. Volatiles are released from the mantle and magma as well as the rocks and water the heated gases travel through to reach the surface. The volatiles are released due to changing solubility, as a result of processes such as ascent and decompression, cooling and crystallization, or the mingling and mixing of different magmas. The changing flux and chemistry of gases measured at the surface can provide clues, when integrated with other geophysical monitoring techniques, to the processes operating beneath the surface. The measurement of these emissions, and the interpretation of the results, is a cornerstone of volcano monitoring and hazard assessment. Outgassing is not restricted to active or quiescent volcanoes. Indeed, recent studies argue that tectonic degassing, from deeper in the earth than the systems related to active volcanism, e.g., from cooling plutons, crustal rift settings, or metamorphic belts, may contribute hugely to the atmosphere, on a similar scale as the emissions from volcanic regions. The diffuse nature of much tectonic degassing poses a formidable challenge to its accurate quantification.

In this volume, we welcome contributions from researchers working on all aspects of volcanic and tectonic degassing, for example:

• the development of novel instrument techniques or measurement approaches to quantify the composition and flux of volcanic or tectonic gases;
• the best practice approaches to monitoring volcanic gases;
• the best practice approaches to processing/archiving/visualising gas emissions data;
• using volcanic emissions to better understand volcanic processes or volcanic hazards, including integrated studies combining emissions data with, for example, real-time geophysical monitoring;
• measurements of emissions from little studied volcanoes or sites of tectonic degassing;
• statistical approaches to better extrapolate global fluxes from temporally and spatially limited datasets;
• efforts to reconstruct volcanic gas fluxes through geological time, for example, by combining modern-day flux estimates with reconstructed of plate motion.

Dr. Antonio Caracausi
Dr. Silvana Hidalgo
Dr. Ryunosuke KAZAHAYA
Dr. Brendan McCormick Kilbride
Dr. Melissa Anne Pfeffer
Guest Editors

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