Plant Genetics, Evolution, Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics for Biodiversity Conservation

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2025 | Viewed by 518

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCA-UNNE), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
Interests: apomixis; plant genetic systems; plant evolutionary genetics; plant genetic resources; plant genomic analysis; plant molecular genetics; plant reproduction; forage grass improvement; polyploidy
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Guest Editor
IBS, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET, National University of Misiones, Posadas N3304, Misiones, Argentina
Interests: polyploidy; genetic systems; plant fertility; plant meiotic behavior; plant hybridization; plant evolutionary genetics; plant genetic resource characterization; plant genetics; apomixis; plant reproduction
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Guest Editor Assistant
Laboratorio de Genética y Mejoramiento de Especies Forrajeras, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCA-UNNE), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
Interests: polyploidy; genetic systems; apomixis; selfing; Poaceae

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant biodiversity is now experiencing new threats and challenges to survival, driven by the loss of natural habitats and exacerbated by climate change and other human-caused stressors of the 21st century. Understanding the genetic, evolutionary, and cytogenetic bases of plant diversity calls for effective conservation strategies. Generally, chromosomal variation may involve polyploidy, aneuploidy, and structural rearrangements, yet it remains one of the key, albeit unobtrusive, features in the process of plant evolution, adaptive change, and new species formation. Such changes in the genome may affect the mode of reproduction, fertility, and gene expression of a population, eventually influencing its ability to persist and adapt.

This Special Issue will consolidate existing information and outline new frontiers within the area of genetics, evolution, cytogenetics, and cytogenomics with respect to their role in plant conservation. We welcome papers on a variety of topics that include, but are not limited to, the following: assessments of genetic and cytogenetic diversity; population genetic structure; gene flow and connectivity; local adaptation; genomics of conservation; conservation of rare and threatened species; restoration genetics; germplasm management; impacts of hybridization and introgression; the role of polyploidy and chromosomal rearrangement; FISH and GISH applications; chromatin organization; dynamics of transposable elements; and evolution of genome size. We especially welcome submissions that take multi-method approaches and outline the implications of genomic variation for plant conservation in a rapidly changing world.

This topic will thus be an important resource for researchers, conservation biologists, and policy makers interested in the protection of plant biodiversity.

Dr. Eric Javier Martínez
Dr. Ana Isabel Honfi
Guest Editors

Dr. Anna Reutemann
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • plant conservation
  • cytogenetics
  • cytogenomics
  • plant evolution
  • population genetics
  • genome evolution
  • chromosomal variation
  • polyploidy
  • biodiversity
  • genomic resources

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 14342 KiB  
Article
Phenology and Spatial Genetic Structure of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), a Resilient Species Amid Territorial Transformation in an Urban Deciduous Forest of Southeastern Brazil
by Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin, Paulo Augusto Bomfim Rodrigues, Fabio Alberto Alzate-Martinez, Gabriel Pinheiro Machado, Carlos Alberto Martinez and Fernando Bonifácio-Anacleto
Genes 2025, 16(4), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16040388 - 28 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Anadenanthera colubrina (popularly known as angico; in this study: Acol) is a bee-pollinated tree with gravity-dispersed seeds that occurs in dry tropical forests (SDTF), one of the most fragmented tropical ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the resilience of 30 Acol Forest [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Anadenanthera colubrina (popularly known as angico; in this study: Acol) is a bee-pollinated tree with gravity-dispersed seeds that occurs in dry tropical forests (SDTF), one of the most fragmented tropical ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the resilience of 30 Acol Forest fragments of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, and the flow of pollinators among these fragments based on the flight ranges of Apis mellifera (6 km) and Trigona spinipes (8 km). Additionally, we investigated genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure (SGS), and phenology across generations of one Acol population (AcolPM), located in the urban fragment M103 in the “Parque Municipal Morro de São Bento” (a municipal park in Ribeirão Preto). Methods: We mapped Acol fragments using geospatial data, with relief and slope analysis derived from digital terrain modeling. We created a flow diagram based on the pollinator’s flight ranges and calculated betweenness centrality. We amplified DNA from AcolPM individuals using 14 SSR molecular markers. Results: Notably, 17 of the 30 fragments occurred on slopes > 12%, terrain unsuitable for agriculture or construction, indicating that the presence of A. colubrina may serve as an indicator of territorial transformations. The AcolPM population (Fragment M103) emerged as a key node among the angicais, connected by the native pollinator T. spinipes, being fundamental for regional gene flow. In this focal population, we observed a slight but significant inbreeding (Fis, Fit, p < 0.01) and an SGS up to ~17 m. Genetic diversity was intermediate (He ≈ 0.62), and PCoA, Fst, and AMOVA values suggest low generational isolation, with most genetic variation within generations. This highlights AcolPM as a promising source for seed collection for reforestation. Phenological observations showed that fructification occurs between September and October, at the beginning of the rainy season. Conclusions: We concluded that Acol resilience is linked to the species’ mixed-mating system and pollinator dynamics-driven connectivity, allowing for the maintenance of genetic diversity in fragmented landscapes, as well as its natural tendency to form dense angicais clusters in non-arable slopes. We reaffirmed A. colubrina as a valuable species for restoration and urban climate resilience, providing cooling shade to humans and wildlife alike while offering refuge and food for local insects and birds in a warming landscape. Full article
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