Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 1248

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Horticultural Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
Interests: genetic diversity; molecular breeding; functional genomics; omics technique; fruit quality; plant architecture; resistance characteristic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of the genetics and breeding of fruit trees has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, opening up new possibilities and opportunities for improving fruit quality, yield, disease resistance, and adaptability. Frontier technologies such as genome sequencing, marker-assisted selection, and cell engineering have provided more conveniences for the exploration of superior traits and the breeding of new varieties of fruit trees. New breakthroughs in natural bud mutation, artificial hybridization, and mutagenesis strategies have offered more impetus for the creation of new superior germplasm. The plant type, growth, and development of fruit trees, as well as the roles of the environment, hormones, epigenetics, etc., in regulating the growth and development of fruit trees, can guide and be applied in labor-saving and machine-friendly cultivation practices. The genetic mechanisms of the fruit ripening period, processing performance, and pre-harvest and post-harvest quality changes are crucial for meeting the demands of consumers and the food industry.

Prof. Dr. Peng Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fruit trees
  • germplasm evaluation
  • key agronomic trait
  • molecular breeding
  • genetic improvement
  • plant architecture
  • fruit rootstocks

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1593 KiB  
Article
D299T Mutation in CYP76F14 Led to a Decrease in Wine Bouquet Precursor Production in Wine Grape
by Wanhao Liu, Huilin Xiao, Matthew Shi, Meiling Tang and Zhizhong Song
Genes 2024, 15(11), 1478; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15111478 - 16 Nov 2024
Viewed by 964
Abstract
Background: Bouquet is a crucial characteristic indicative of wine quality that develops during the aging stage. The cytochrome P450 VvCYP76F14 multi-functionally catalyzes linalool into (E)-8-hydroxylinalool, (E)-8-oxolinalool, and (E)-8-carboxylinalool, which are direct precursors for wine bouquet. Wine bouquet [...] Read more.
Background: Bouquet is a crucial characteristic indicative of wine quality that develops during the aging stage. The cytochrome P450 VvCYP76F14 multi-functionally catalyzes linalool into (E)-8-hydroxylinalool, (E)-8-oxolinalool, and (E)-8-carboxylinalool, which are direct precursors for wine bouquet. Wine bouquet was closely related to VvCYP76F14 activities. Method: The VvCYP76F14 genes were cloned from five wine grape varieties using a homologous cloning method. The variation in residues of VvCYP76F14s were assessed by multiple alignment of amino acid sequences. Functional studies were implemented by in vitro enzyme activity and transient over-expression systems. Results: D299T variation was observed in VvCYP76F14s of ‘Yantai 2-2-08’, ‘Yantai 2-2-19’, and ‘Yantai 2-3-37’ offspring lines, which was correlated with the decreased content of wine bouquet precursors of (E)-8-hydroxylinalool, (E)-8-oxolinalool, and (E)-8-carboxylinalool, respectively. Notably, the key amino acid residue D299 was located at the phase 0 intron positions of VvCYP76F14 genes isolated from distinct wine grape varieties or offspring lines, respectively. Notably, VvCYP76F14s of the ‘Yantai2-2-08’, ‘Yantai 2-2-19’, and ‘Yantai 2-3-37’ mutant lines exhibited lower in vitro enzymatic activities than those of ‘L35’ and ‘Merlot’. In addition, the transient expression of VvCYP76F14 cloned from ‘L35’ and ‘Merlot’ restored the levels of wine bouquet precursors in berries of three D299T mutant lines, respectively, whereas VvCYP76F14 cloned from D299T mutant lines failed. Conclusions: D299T variation was observed in three offspring lines and D299T mutation in VvCYP76F14 led to the decrease in wine bouquet precursor contents. VvCYP76F14 was implicated in the regulation of wine bouquet precursors in wine grapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees)
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