Genetics in Canines: From Evolution to Conservation

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 2471

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Science Unit, WWF Italia, Via Po 25c, 00198 Rome, Italy
Interests: conservation; genetics; genomics; adaptation; hybridization; human–wildlife conflict
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Dell'emilia, Italy
Interests: population genetics; genomics; hybridization; non-invasive monitoring; forensics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The conservation of wild canines worldwide is at a crossroads: some endangered populations are still struggling to survive, whereas many others are expanding after centuries of decline, presenting the challenge of promoting a sustainable coexistence with human activities. Meanwhile, the correct management of domestic dogs—with genomic advances boosting our comprehension of their evolution, physiology, health, and behavior—is still lagging in many countries, further complicating wild canine conservation through hybridization and competition.

In this context, major advances in genetics and genomic approaches are currently providing unprecedented support in effectively monitoring populations, reconstructing the phylogeny of related species, subspecies, and populations, mapping evolutionarily important genetic variants associated with adaptive variation and behaviors, identifying even subtle traces of hybridization with domestic dogs, and better reconstructing the long history of domestication and its effects on current breeds.

In this Special Issue, we will gather the most up-to-date studies on the genetics and genomics of these focal species from the perspective of evolutionary and conservation. We invite submissions of a wide range of paper types, including research papers, short notes, and reviews.

Dr. Marco Galaverni
Dr. Romolo Caniglia
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Canis lupus
  • genetics
  • genomics
  • conservation
  • evolution
  • adaptation
  • hybridization
 

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1609 KiB  
Article
Genomic Rewilding of Domestic Animals: The Role of Hybridization and Selection in Wolfdog Breeds
by Alžběta Báčová, José Ignacio Lucas Lledó, Kristýna Eliášová, Silvie Neradilová, Astrid Vik Stronen, Romolo Caniglia, Marco Galaverni, Elena Fabbri, Frederica Mattucci, Adam Boyko, Pavel Hulva and Barbora Černá Bolfíková
Genes 2025, 16(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010102 - 19 Jan 2025
Viewed by 2241
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The domestication of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) and subsequent creation of modern dog breeds have significantly shaped the genetic landscape of domestic canines. This study investigates the genomic effects of hybridization and breeding management practices in two hybrid [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The domestication of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) and subsequent creation of modern dog breeds have significantly shaped the genetic landscape of domestic canines. This study investigates the genomic effects of hybridization and breeding management practices in two hybrid wolfdog breeds: the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog (CSW) and the Saarloos Wolfdog (SAW). Methods: We analyzed the genomes of 46 CSWs and 20 SAWs, comparing them to 12 German Shepherds (GSHs) and 20 wolves (WLFs), which served as their ancestral populations approximately 70–90 years ago. Results: Our findings highlight that hybridization can increase genetic variability and mitigate the effects of inbreeding, as evidenced by the observed heterozygosity levels in both wolfdog breeds. However, the SAW genome revealed a higher coefficient of inbreeding and longer runs of homozygosity compared to the CSW, reflecting significant inbreeding during its development. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components and fixation index analyses demonstrate that the CSW exhibits closer genetic proximity to the GSH than the SAW, likely due to differences in the numbers of GSHs used during their creation. Maximum likelihood clustering further confirmed clear genetic differentiation between these hybrid breeds and their respective ancestors, while shared ancestral polymorphism was detectable in all populations. Conclusions: These results highlight the role of controlled hybridization with captive-bred wolves and peculiar breeding strategies in shaping the genetic structure of wolfdog breeds. To ensure the long-term genetic health of these breeds, it is recommended to promote adequate and sustainable breeding practices to maintain genetic diversity, minimize inbreeding, and incorporate the careful selection of unrelated individuals from diverse lineages, while avoiding additional, uncontrolled crossings with wild wolves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics in Canines: From Evolution to Conservation)
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