Polymer Hydrogels and Networks

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Analysis and Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1795

Special Issue Editor

College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Interests: polymeric biomaterials; tough hydrogels; human-machine interface; biosensors; tissue regeneration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymer hydrogels, with their high water content, softness, and biocompatibility, are uniquely suited to mimic natural tissues. Their highly designable architectures and adaptive responses make them promising materials for human–machine interfaces, electronic skins, biosensors, and tissue regeneration. Among various design parameters, network structure and crosslinking chemistry are the key determinants of hydrogel properties, governing their mechanical performance, stability, and functional versatility.

Recent advances in network structure design—including double networks, slide-ring systems, and other high-order architectures—have markedly enhanced the mechanical strength, toughness, and adaptability of hydrogels. At the same time, innovations in crosslinking chemistry and physical interactions, such as dynamic covalent bonds, supramolecular assemblies, and hydrophobic or host–guest associations, have imparted hydrogels with exceptional properties including self-recovery, injectability, and responsiveness to external stimuli. Together, these strategies are opening new avenues for tailoring hydrogels with multifunctionality, long-term durability, and advanced biomedical applicability.

This Special Issue seeks to showcase cutting-edge research on polymer hydrogels and networks, with particular emphasis on

  • Design strategies for polymer hydrogels and networks;
  • Advances in network crosslinking chemistry and interactions;
  • Characterization of hydrogel mechanics, structure, and properties;
  • Development of tough hydrogels with resilience and self-recovery;
  • Biomedical applications including human–machine interfaces, electronic skins, and tissue regeneration.

By integrating contributions from polymer science, chemistry, and bioengineering, this Special Issue aims to highlight how network design serves as the key element linking fundamental hydrogel chemistry with advanced functions, thereby guiding future innovations in next-generation hydrogel technologies.

Dr. Hong Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • polymer hydrogels
  • network design
  • crosslinking strategies
  • tough hydrogels
  • self-recovery
  • stimuli-responsive
  • human–machine interface
  • electronic skin
  • tissue regeneration

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2457 KB  
Article
The Potential for Reusing Superabsorbent Polymer from Baby Diapers for Water Retention in Agriculture
by Kamilla B. Shishkhanova, Vyacheslav S. Molchanov, Ilya V. Prokopiv, Alexei R. Khokhlov and Olga E. Philippova
Gels 2025, 11(10), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100795 - 2 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Annually, about 2.4 million tons of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) used in disposable diapers are thrown away, polluting our planet. This study aims to explore the potential for reusing SAPs removed from diapers to enhance soil water retention. To this end, the swelling and [...] Read more.
Annually, about 2.4 million tons of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) used in disposable diapers are thrown away, polluting our planet. This study aims to explore the potential for reusing SAPs removed from diapers to enhance soil water retention. To this end, the swelling and water retention properties of SAP gels from three different types of diapers were compared to those of an agricultural gel, Aquasorb. Sand was used as a model for soil. When mixed with sand, diaper gels have a swelling degree of ca. 100 g per gram of dried polymer, and a swelling pressure of 12–26 kPa, which are similar to those of Aquasorb gel. Using a synthesized poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) gel as an example, the correlation between the swelling pressure and the compression modulus of the swollen gel was demonstrated. Soil-hydrological constants were estimated from water retention curves obtained by equilibrium centrifugation of gel/sand mixtures. It was observed that adding 0.3 vol% of diaper gels to sand leads to a 3–4-fold increase in water range available to plants, which is close to that provided by agricultural gel Aquasorb. The water-holding properties were shown to be maintained during several swelling/deswelling cycles in the sand medium. The addition of diaper gels to soil had a significant positive impact on mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seed germination and seedling growth, similar to the agricultural gel Aquasorb. This suggests high potential for the reuse of SAPs from diaper waste to improve soil water retention and water accessibility to plants. This would provide both economic and environmental benefits, conserving energy and raw materials to produce new agricultural gels and limiting the amount of waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Hydrogels and Networks)
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Review

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34 pages, 3132 KB  
Review
Innovative Applications of Hydrogels in Contemporary Medicine
by Maciej Rybicki, Karolina Czajkowska, Agata Grochowska, Bartłomiej Białas, Michał Dziatosz, Igor Karolczak, Julia Kot, Radosław Aleksander Wach and Karol Kamil Kłosiński
Gels 2025, 11(10), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11100798 - 3 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrophilic, soft polymer networks with high water content and mechanical properties that are tunable; they are also biocompatible. Therefore, as biomaterials, they are of interest to modern medicine. In this review, the main applications of hydrogels in essential clinical applications are [...] Read more.
Hydrogels are hydrophilic, soft polymer networks with high water content and mechanical properties that are tunable; they are also biocompatible. Therefore, as biomaterials, they are of interest to modern medicine. In this review, the main applications of hydrogels in essential clinical applications are discussed. Chemical, physical, or hybrid crosslinking of either synthetic or natural polymers allow for the precise control of hydrogels’ physicochemical properties and their specific characteristics for certain applications, such as stimuli-responsiveness, drug retention and release, and biodegradability. Hydrogels are employed in gynecology to regenerate the endometrium, treat infections, and prevent pregnancy. They show promise in cardiology in myocardial infarction therapy through injectable scaffolds, patches in the heart, and medication delivery. In rheumatoid arthritis, hydrogels act as drug delivery systems, lubricants, scaffolds, and immunomodulators, ensuring effective local treatment. They are being developed, among other applications, as antimicrobial coatings for stents and radiotherapy barriers for urology. Ophthalmology benefits from the use of hydrogels in contact lenses, corneal bandages, and vitreous implants. They are used as materials for chemoembolization, tumor models, and drug delivery devices in cancer therapy, with wafers of Gliadel presently used in clinics. Applications in abdominal surgery include hydrogel-coated meshes for hernia repair or Janus-type hydrogels to prevent adhesions and aid tissue repair. Results from clinical and preclinical studies illustrate hydrogels’ diversity, though problems remain with mechanical stability, long-term safety, and mass production. Hydrogels are, in general, next-generation biomaterials for regenerative medicine, individualized treatment, and new treatment protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Hydrogels and Networks)
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