Analysis of Geological Pore Structure Based on Fractal Theory

A special issue of Fractal and Fractional (ISSN 2504-3110). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 336

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Interests: pore structure characterization; fractals; organic–inorganic interactions; reservoir capacity evaluation; unconventional oil/gas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oil and gas account for more than half of global energy consumption, making them essential resources for modern life. With an increasing energy demand and the declining production of conventional oil and gas, utilizing unconventional hydrocarbon resources has become critical to meet our energy needs. However, the efficient development of these resources is still hindered by certain theoretical or technical issues, particularly in pore structure characterization.

Multiple methods are employed to characterize the pore structure at the micro to nano scale, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption (NA), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). However, certain factors complicate the high‑resolution characterization of pore spaces. For instance, shale oil within nanopores is challenging to remove due to low pore connectivity and its strong adsorption onto nanopore surfaces, often resulting in the significant underestimation of the pore volume. Of the multiple techniques that are used, each operates based on different theories and models, making accurate comparisons difficult.

Given these challenges, further research is essential for the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas resources. This Special Issue will focus on the analysis of geological pore structures based on fractal theory in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • The efficiency of oil extraction;
  • Pore–crack observation in two dimensions;
  • Pore–crack reconstruction in three dimensions;
  • Pore connectivity and the whole pore network;
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM);
  • Nitrogen adsorption (NA);
  • Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP);
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR);
  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS);
  • Spontaneous imbibition.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions.

Dr. Wei Yang
Prof. Dr. Mianmo Meng
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fractal theory
  • fractal analysis
  • multifractal theory
  • multifractal analysis
  • pore structure
  • pore–crack observation
  • pore connectivity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 7464 KiB  
Article
Pore Structure and Multifractal Characteristics of the Upper Lianggaoshan Formation in the Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China
by Jingjing Guo, Guotao Luo, Haitao Wang and Liehui Zhang
Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(7), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9070430 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 185
Abstract
The Upper Lianggaoshan (LGS) Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, composed of shale with interbedded siltstone, is a promising target layer for shale oil. Accurate evaluation of pore structures is essential for effective exploration of shale oil. This study investigated pore structures of [...] Read more.
The Upper Lianggaoshan (LGS) Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, composed of shale with interbedded siltstone, is a promising target layer for shale oil. Accurate evaluation of pore structures is essential for effective exploration of shale oil. This study investigated pore structures of siltstone and shale samples from the Upper LGS Formation using low-pressure CO2 adsorption (LTCA), low-temperature N2 adsorption (LTNA), high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. The single-exponent and multifractal dimensions of samples were determined, and the relationships between fractal dimensions and pore structures were explored. Results show that the pore size distribution (PSD) of siltstone and shale samples exhibits multi-peak characteristics, with mesopores (2–50 nm) being dominant in the total pore volumes. The multi-scaled pores in shale and siltstone samples exhibit fractal characteristics. The average values of single-fractal dimensions (D1, D2) obtained by LTNA data are 2.39 and 2.62 for shale samples, and 2.24 and 2.59 for siltstone samples, respectively. Compared to siltstones, the pore structures of shale samples exhibit greater complexity, indicated by larger fractal dimensions. The samples from subsections Liang 2 and Liang 3 exhibit greater heterogeneity compared to subsection Liang 1. The single-fractal dimensions of micropores and mesopores show positive correlations with specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (PV), while the fractal dimension of macropores shows a negative correlation with average pore diameter and median radius. The average values of single-fractal dimension D3 obtained from HPMI data are 2.9644 and 2.9471 for shale and siltstone samples, respectively, indicating more complex structures of macropores in shale samples compared to siltstone samples. The average value of ΔDNMR and singularity strength range Δα obtained by a multifractal model for core samples from subsection Liang 1 are 1.868 and 2.155, respectively, which are the smallest among all of the three subsections, indicating that the heterogeneity of pore structures of subsection Liang 1 is the weakest. This research provides valuable guidance for shale oil development in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Geological Pore Structure Based on Fractal Theory)
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