Fractal Analysis in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theory and Applications

A special issue of Fractal and Fractional (ISSN 2504-3110). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 535

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: geological evaluation of unconventional reservoirs; experimental petrophysical characterization of complex reservoirs
School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
Interests: reservoir characterization and modeling; AI-based geological interpretation

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Guest Editor
Sanya Offshore Oil & Gas Research Institute, Northeast Petroleum University, Sanya 572025, China
Interests: formation mechanism; characterization of unconventional reservoirs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of unconventional reservoirs has emerged as a critical frontier in energy exploration and development, driven by the unique challenges posed by their complex and heterogeneous pore structures. Fractal theory, with its ability to quantify irregular and self-similar patterns across multiple scales, has become an indispensable tool for characterizing the pore structure of unconventional reservoirs. By integrating fractal mathematics with advanced pore structure analysis techniques, researchers are gaining unprecedented insights into the connectivity, permeability, and fluid storage mechanisms of unconventional reservoirs—from shale and tight sandstones to coalbed methane formations. These advancements not only enhance our understanding of reservoir behavior but also play a pivotal role in evaluating reservoir quality, optimizing hydrocarbon recovery strategies, and reducing environmental risks associated with extraction processes.

The focus of this Special Issue is to showcase cutting-edge research that advances the theory, methodology, and application of fractal characterization and pore structure analysis in unconventional reservoirs. We aim to bring together interdisciplinary studies that bridge mathematics, geology, petroleum engineering, and material science, providing a comprehensive platform for exchanging innovative ideas and technical breakthroughs. 

Dr. Dianshi Xiao
Dr. Xixin Wang
Dr. Nengwu Zhou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fractal models for quantifying pore size distribution and surface roughness
  • multiscale pore structure analysis using fractal theory
  • fractal-based permeability and fluid flow simulation in low-permeability
  • correlation between fractal dimensions and reservoir properties (e.g., porosity, oiliness)
  • machine learning integrated with fractal analysis for reservoir classification and evaluation
  • fractal characterization of diagenetic processes and their impact on pore evolution
  • application of fractal theory in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques for unconventional resources

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 7763 KB  
Article
Reservoir Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Different Lithofacies of WF-LMX Formation Shale in Zigong Area, Sichuan Basin
by Changchang Wang, Qinghai Xu, Litao Xu, Fancheng Zeng, Huan Li, Zhicheng Huang, Jiayi Li, Kun Wang and Mengyuan Li
Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(11), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9110706 - 31 Oct 2025
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Abstract
An integrated analysis including total organic carbon (TOC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gas adsorption experiments was conducted on core samples from the deep Wufeng–Longmaxi (WF-LMX) Formation in the Zigong area to characterize its lithofacies and reservoir characteristics and their [...] Read more.
An integrated analysis including total organic carbon (TOC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gas adsorption experiments was conducted on core samples from the deep Wufeng–Longmaxi (WF-LMX) Formation in the Zigong area to characterize its lithofacies and reservoir characteristics and their influencing factors. The results suggest that eight distinct lithofacies are distinguished and argillaceous/calcareous mixed siliceous shale lithofacies (S-1) is the most optimal lithofacies. The pore surface fractal dimension (D) was derived by applying the Frenkel–Halsey–Hil (FHH) model to low-temperature N2 adsorption (LTNA) data. The meso-macropore regime shows higher heterogeneity than the micropore regime (since D2 > D1). Both D1 and D2 show a significant positive relation with TOC and carbonate content, a slight negative correlation with quartz content, and no clear link with clay content. In the initial depositional stage of the LMX Formation, a low-energy, stagnant, and strongly reducing environment facilitated the accumulation of siliceous biogenic sediments, leading to the formation of siliceous shale characterized by high paleoproductivity. In the middle to late stages of LMX Formation deposition, increased input of terrigenous clastic material, shallower water depths, and the gradual disruption of the anoxic conditions resulted in diminished paleoproductivity, causing a transition from siliceous shale to a mixed shale lithofacies. Increased TOC and carbonate content enhance pore heterogeneity, with TOC predominantly influencing micropores and carbonates controlling macropores. In contrast, higher quartz content inhibits pore development. Full article
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