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Fire
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Ignition Mechanism and Advanced Combustion Technology
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Ignition Mechanism and Advanced Combustion Technology

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 4204

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: ignition mechanism; reaction kinetics; smart energy; fouling and slagging; combustion diagnostics
Dr. Yumin Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: plasma assisted combustion; reaction chemistry; combustion diagnostics; fuel reforming

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon reduction has become a global consensus, and the clean and efficient utilization (EEU) of carbon-containing fuels (coal/biomass) has received widespread attention. There are two main ways to achieve EEU of coal/biomass: 1. Prevention of coal/biomass spontaneous combustion in mining, transportation and storage processes, which needs a comprehensive understanding of the ignition mechanism. Although the ignition mechanism has been extensively studied through experimental or simulation methods, some problems remain to be solved. For example, how to measure the ignition temperature by ignition theory but not by the experience of the data analyzer such as the traditional TG-DTG tangent method. What is the correlation between the ignition temperature of coal/biomass and its reactivity, such as activation energy and physico-chemical structure? Is the activation energy a constant value or varies with the conversion ratio? How can we achieve unity between the above two methods? 2. Clean and efficient combustion of coal/biomass in boilers, which needs to develop advanced combustion technologies. For example, to cope with the consumption of renewable energies, coal-fired power units must have flexible and deep peak regulation capabilities, and smart power generation research needs to be carried out including ignition characteristics, reaction kinetics, and NOx emissions under ultra low load conditions obtained by traditional mechanism analysis based on experiments and modeling or artificial intelligence technology based on big data; advanced ignition technologies such as plasma enhanced ignition and high-temperature preheating combustion; advanced combustion diagnoses technologies such as laser diagnosis, optic emission spectrum monitoring, and flame-image processing technique. The blending technology, such as co-firing of coal with coal, biomass, or ammonia, is also a worthwhile research direction. Solving the aforementioned research problems or new theoretical and technical issues is beneficial for promoting EEU of carbon-containing fuels. Therefore, we are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue in Fire on “Ignition Mechanism and Advanced Combustion Technology”.

This Special Issue aims to bring together researchers to share their latest findings on the ignition mechanism and advanced combustion technology. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Mechanism, prevention and control technology of coal/biomass spontaneous combustion;
  2. Ignition characteristics, physico-chemical structure and reaction kinetics of coal/biomass conversion in self-heating conditions or in boilers;
  3. Prediction of coal/biomass ignition/combustion behavior or pollutant emission behavior by mechanism modeling or artificial intelligence technology;
  4. Advanced ignition technologies including plasma-enhanced ignition, and high-temperature preheating combustion, etc.;
  5. Advanced combustion diagnosis technologies including laser diagnosis, optic emission spectrum monitoring and flame-image processing technique, etc.;
  6. Blenging technology including co-firing of coal with coal, biomass or ammonia, etc...
  7. Rapid load lifting technology, deep peak regulation technology, and intelligent control technology of coal-fired power units.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Yang Liu
Dr. Yumin Chen

Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ignition mechanism
  • coal/biomass spontaneous combustion
  • reaction kinetics
  • mechanism modeling
  • artificial intelligence technology
  • pollutant emission behavior
  • ignition technology
  • combustion diagnostics
  • flexible and intelligent power generation technology.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4260 KiB  
Article
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Combustion of Semi-Coke Obtained from Coniferous Wood and Mixtures on Their Basis
by Andrey Zhuikov, Tatyana Pyanykh, Irina Grishina, Stanislav Chicherin and Yana Zhuikova
Fire 2024, 7(11), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110385 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 673
Abstract
Coal remains one of the most used solid fuels for heat and electricity generation but burning coal releases large amounts of CO2 into the urban atmosphere in addition to harmful substances. In order to reduce the consumption of solid fossil fuels, it [...] Read more.
Coal remains one of the most used solid fuels for heat and electricity generation but burning coal releases large amounts of CO2 into the urban atmosphere in addition to harmful substances. In order to reduce the consumption of solid fossil fuels, it is necessary to search for fuels capable of replacing coal in terms of its thermal and environmental characteristics. One of the best alternative fuels is biomass, which is considered carbon neutral, but its thermal characteristics are worse than those of solid fossil fuels. In this work, an alternative to coal was studied for the first time, which was semi-coke, obtained by gasification at a temperature of 700–900 °C, the heat of combustion of which turned out to be higher than that of biomass before thermal treatment by 75%. We also studied fuel mixtures based on the resulting semi-coke. The aim of the work is to determine the main characteristics of combustion of semi-coke obtained from coniferous wood and mixtures based on them. The method of thermogravimetric analysis in oxidising medium at a heating rate of 20 °C/min was applied for the research. According to the results of this analysis, the ignition and burnout temperatures were determined, the combustion index was determined, the duration of coke residue combustion was determined, and synergetic interactions between the mixture components influencing the combustion characteristics were established. It was found that the ignition temperature of semi-coke is more than 50% higher than that of biomass and the burnout temperature is 10% higher. Adding 50% of biomass to semi-coke increases the combustion index by more than 30% and decreases the ignition temperature and burnout temperature. The mixture components synergistically interact with each other during combustion to reduce the value of maximum mass loss rate. It was found that the atomic ratios of O/C and H/C in semi-coke are lower than in biomass before gasification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ignition Mechanism and Advanced Combustion Technology)
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16 pages, 4772 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Minimum Ignition Energy Required for Combustion of Coal Dust Blended with Fugitive Methane
by Jafar Zanganeh, Mohammed J. Ajrash Al-Zuraiji and Behdad Moghtaderi
Fire 2024, 7(11), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110381 - 26 Oct 2024
Viewed by 663
Abstract
Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) significantly contributes to global warming. Capturing and mitigating these emissions can help combat climate change. One effective method is the thermal decomposition of methane, but it requires careful control to prevent explosions from the high temperatures involved. This research [...] Read more.
Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) significantly contributes to global warming. Capturing and mitigating these emissions can help combat climate change. One effective method is the thermal decomposition of methane, but it requires careful control to prevent explosions from the high temperatures involved. This research investigates the influence of methane concentration and coal dust particle properties on the minimum ignition energy (MIE) required for fugitive methane thermal decomposition and flame propagation properties. This knowledge is crucial for the mining industry to effectively prevent and mitigate accidental fires and explosions in VAM abatement plants. Coal dust samples from three different sources were selected for this study. Experiments were conducted using a modified Hartmann glass tube and a Thermal Gravimetric Analyser (TGA). The chemical properties of coal dust were determined through ultimate and proximate analysis. The particle size distribution was determined using a Mastersizer 3000 apparatus (manufactured by Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). The results showed that the MIE is significantly affected by coal dust particle size, with smaller particles (<74 µm) requiring less energy to ignite compared to coarser particles. Additionally, blending methane with coal dust further reduces the MIE. Introducing methane concentrations of 1% and 2.5% into the combustion space reduced the MIE by 25% and 74%, respectively, for the <74 µm coal dust size fraction. It was observed that coal dust concentration can either raise or lower the MIE. Larger coal dust concentrations, acting as a heat sink, reduce the likelihood of ignition and increase the MIE. This effect was noted at a methane concentration of 2.5% and coal dust levels above 3000 g/m3. In contrast, small amounts of coal dust had little impact on MIE variation. Moreover, the presence of methane during combustion increased the upward flame travel distance and propagation velocity. The flame’s vertical travel distance increased from 124 mm to 300 mm for a coal dust concentration of 300 g·m−3 blended with 1% and 2.5% methane, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ignition Mechanism and Advanced Combustion Technology)
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18 pages, 6027 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Combustion Phase According to the Premixed Ethanol Ratio Based on the Same Total Lower Heating Value on the Formation and Oxidation of Exhaust Emissions in a Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine
by Se-Hun Min and Hyun-Kyu Suh
Fire 2024, 7(7), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070258 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1051
Abstract
A compression ignition engine generates power by using the auto-ignition characteristics of fuel injected into the cylinder. Although it has high fuel efficiency, it discharges a lot of exhaust emissions such as NOX and PM. Therefore, there is much ongoing research aiming [...] Read more.
A compression ignition engine generates power by using the auto-ignition characteristics of fuel injected into the cylinder. Although it has high fuel efficiency, it discharges a lot of exhaust emissions such as NOX and PM. Therefore, there is much ongoing research aiming to reduce the exhaust emissions by using the technologies applied in this regard, such as PCCI, HCCI, etc. However, these methods still discharge large exhaust emissions. The RCCI method, which combines the spark ignition method and compression ignition method, is attracting attention. So, in this work, the objective of this study is to numerically investigate the effect of combustion phase according to the premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total heating value in-cylinder by changing the initial air composition on the formation and oxidation of exhaust emissions in the RCCI engine. The heating value of the premixed ethanol ratio varied from 0% to 40% based on the same total lower heating value in-cylinder in steps of 10%. It was assumed that the ethanol introduced into the cylinder through the premixing chamber was evaporated, and the initial air composition in the cylinder was changed and set. It was revealed that when the premixed ratio based on the same total lower heating value was increased, the introduced fuel amount into the crevice volume with advancing the start of energizing timing was decreased, which increased the peak cylinder pressure. In addition, the ignition delay was also longer due to the low cylinder temperature by the evaporation latent heat of the ethanol, which reduced the compression loss, so the IMEP value was increased. The rich equivalence ratio had a narrow distribution in the cylinder, which caused a reduction in cylinder temperature, so the NO formation amount was reduced. The ISCO value increased the increase in premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total lower heating value in-cylinder because the flame propagation of ethanol by combustion of diesel did not work well, and the CO formed by combustion was slowly oxidized due to the cylinder’s low temperature as a result of the evaporation latent heat of ethanol. From these results, the optimal operating conditions for simultaneously reducing the exhaust emissions and improving the combustion performance were judged such that the start of energizing timing was BTDC 23 deg, and the premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total lower heating value in-cylinder was 40%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ignition Mechanism and Advanced Combustion Technology)
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19 pages, 7236 KiB  
Article
The Bacharach Method: A Low-Cost Tool for Small-Scale Combustion Units’ Flue Gas Quality Control
by Jiří Ryšavý, Wei-Mon Yan, Thangavel Sangeetha, Jenn-Kun Kuo, Cheng-Chi Wang, František Hopan, Maria Gouveia, Carla Oliveira Henriques, Lenka Kuboňová and Tadeáš Ochodek
Fire 2024, 7(7), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070232 - 3 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1063
Abstract
Although current EU regulations, such as EU Directive 2015/1189 on the eco-design of solid fuel boilers and Directive 2015/1188, in accordance with the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, require manufacturers to meet specific emission requirements for CE marking, the routine and regular onsite testing of [...] Read more.
Although current EU regulations, such as EU Directive 2015/1189 on the eco-design of solid fuel boilers and Directive 2015/1188, in accordance with the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, require manufacturers to meet specific emission requirements for CE marking, the routine and regular onsite testing of household heating appliances is still not mandatory in many EU countries. This research endeavour addressed this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of the Bacharach method as a rapid and cost-effective tool for assessing flue gas quality, particularly in terms of particulate matter mass concentration. This study also compared the results of the Bacharach method with those obtained from two commercially available portable analysers. The research outcomes demonstrate that the Bacharach method, in combination with an innovative evaluation approach, offers a viable solution, enabling the swift and economical assessment of flue gas quality with the primary objective of determining the boiler class according to the limits specified by standard EN 303-5 under operating conditions. The modified Bacharach method for measuring TSP in solid fuel-fired boilers provides qualitatively similar results to the commercially used SM500 and STM225 instruments. The modified Bacharach methodology was primarily developed for comparison to the boiler class 3 limit (i.e., 125 and 150 mg/m3). The study revealed that the modified Bacharach method, when applied to biomass-based boilers, exhibited higher accuracies in the case of classification into classes 3 and 4, whereas fossil fuel-based boilers demonstrated higher accuracy in the case of class 5 limits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ignition Mechanism and Advanced Combustion Technology)
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