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Advanced Developments and Challenges in Refrigeration and Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2026 | Viewed by 903

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Interests: elastocaloric models; solid-state cooling and heat pumping; magnetocaloric; elastocaloric; electrocaloric; barocaloric; renewable energy; earth to air heat exchangers; ground source heat pump; vapor compression; phase change materials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing focus on climate change, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability has brought the refrigeration sector—both industrial and residential—into the spotlight. Refrigeration is a key component of modern life, essential for food preservation, climate comfort, and a wide range of industrial processes. However, its environmental footprint remains significant due to the use of high-GWP refrigerants and the energy-intensive nature of traditional systems. This has prompted the research community to explore new pathways for improving the efficiency of refrigeration technologies and reducing their ecological impact.

In recent years, innovative refrigeration techniques have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vapor-compression systems. Among these, magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, thermoelectric, and electrocaloric refrigeration stand out for their potential to provide clean, compact, and efficient cooling solutions. At the same time, advancements in components, control strategies, and thermal storage and integration with renewable energy sources are revealing new perspectives for sustainable refrigeration. Both experimental investigations and numerical studies play a central role in understanding the behavior of these systems and in guiding their development toward real-world applications.

This Special Issue aims to collect contributions focused on the development and optimization of sustainable refrigeration technologies across multiple applications and contexts. Our objective is to provide a platform for sharing the latest results in the field, encouraging the exchange of ideas and experiences among researchers working on innovative solutions for a future of low-impact refrigeration.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Alternative refrigeration technologies: magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, thermoelectric, electrocaloric, etc.
  • The use of low-GWP and natural refrigerants.
  • Solar-assisted and hybrid refrigeration systems.
  • Energy-efficient solutions for buildings and industrial processes.
  • The integration of refrigeration with thermal energy storage (including PCM).
  • Waste heat recovery and system-level optimization.
  • Experimental and numerical analyses of refrigeration systems and cycles.
  • Advanced control strategies and smart refrigeration.
  • Life cycle assessment and environmental impact studies.
  • The coupling of refrigeration technologies with renewable energy sources.
  • Data centers with heat recovery systems.

We welcome high-quality original research and review articles that explore theoretical models, experimental setups, or system-level implementations of low-impact refrigeration technologies that contribute to the advancement of sustainable refrigeration.

Dr. Luca Cirillo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable refrigeration
  • energy efficiency
  • life cycle assessment
  • smart refrigeration
  • residential cooling
  • industrial refrigeration
  • environmental impact
  • numerical simulation
  • thermal energy storage
  • alternative refrigeration technologies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1748 KB  
Article
A Prototype and Efficiency Analysis of Indirect Regenerative Evaporative Cooling System for Electronics
by Dmytro Levchenko, Robert Olbrycht, Marcin Kałuża, Mariusz Felczak, Przemysław Kubiak and Bogusław Więcek
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6288; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236288 - 29 Nov 2025
Viewed by 317
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative solution based on the Indirect Regenerative Evaporative Cooling (IREC) concept for high-power density electronics. The technology relies on forced convective cooling by air that is additionally cooled via evaporation. The system comprises dry and wet channels for the [...] Read more.
This paper presents an innovative solution based on the Indirect Regenerative Evaporative Cooling (IREC) concept for high-power density electronics. The technology relies on forced convective cooling by air that is additionally cooled via evaporation. The system comprises dry and wet channels for the cooled and wet air, respectively; water is delivered through porous membranes in the wet channels. The novelty relative to HVAC-type exchangers (based on IREC technology) is a full flow return configuration, in which the entire stream from the dry channels is redirected into the wet channels. The performance benefits become pronounced at high ambient temperatures, where traditional forced convection may be insufficient; inlet air absolute humidity is a key factor governing efficiency. The authors present a developed prototype, a simplified thermal analysis, measurement results, and a discussion of IREC applicability to electronics cooling. The results indicate feasibility and highlight the potential of the proposed design for the energy-efficient thermal management of sensitive electronic equipment. Full article
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15 pages, 6474 KB  
Article
A Comparative Study on Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Performance of Low-GWP R-1336mzz(Z) (SF33) Against High-GWP HT55 for Advanced Cooling Applications
by Qadir Nawaz Shafiq, Aqbal Ahmad, Kuo-Shu Hung, Liang-Han Chien and Chi-Chuan Wang
Energies 2025, 18(21), 5719; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215719 - 30 Oct 2025
Viewed by 375
Abstract
The present investigation conducts a comparative analysis of the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of two dielectric fluids, a low-GWP hydrofluoroolefin-based fluid (commercially known as Opteon™ SF33, referred to hereafter as SF33) and a perfluoropolyether-based fluid with a high GWP (commercially known [...] Read more.
The present investigation conducts a comparative analysis of the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of two dielectric fluids, a low-GWP hydrofluoroolefin-based fluid (commercially known as Opteon™ SF33, referred to hereafter as SF33) and a perfluoropolyether-based fluid with a high GWP (commercially known as GaldenR HT55, referred to hereafter as HT55) under atmospheric pressure conditions. Pool boiling experiments and visual observations were performed to assess essential performance parameters, such as critical heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and boiling dynamics. SF33 exhibits enhanced heat transfer performance, achieving markedly higher heat transfer coefficient values at all the heat flux levels and attaining superior critical heat flux relative to HT55. The results show that SF33 provides a consistently higher heat transfer coefficient, reaching approximately 12 W/m2·K at maximum heat flux, compared to only 6 W/m2·K for HT55, representing nearly a 100% improvement. The visual observations indicated that reduced surface tension and increased latent heat of vaporization of SF33 facilitate more frequent bubble nucleation and smaller bubble departure, thereby enhancing its boiling performance. Properties of SF33 render it a superior candidate for high-performance cooling systems in data centers and power electronics. The study concludes that SF33 is a more efficient and adaptable fluid for next-generation cooling systems, providing superior heat dissipation and energy efficiency relative to HT55. Full article
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