Next-Generation Thermo-Electro-Hydrogen Solutions: Hybrid Intelligence for Integrated Energy Systems

Dear Colleagues,

The global need for clean, efficient, and reliable energy systems has led to increased research into integrated solutions that combine thermal-, electrical-, and hydrogen-based technologies. This Special Issue, titled "Next-Generation Thermo-Electro-Hydrogen Solutions: Hybrid Intelligence for Integrated Energy Systems", focuses on recent developments related to research on combined systems, as well as new methods for modeling, simulation, and control supported by artificial intelligence (AI) and digital tools. Recent work in the field shows that combining different technologies, such as renewable-powered electrolysis for hydrogen production, or thermoelectric generators (TEGs) integrated with photovoltaic (PV) systems, can improve overall energy performance. There is also growing interest in using waste heat, storing hydrogen for later use, and managing temperature in energy storage systems. These solutions are especially useful in off-grid areas or during emergencies, where compact and flexible systems are needed. Progress depends not only on advanced materials and components, but also on new ways to combine them and manage their operation.

In addition, the use of intelligent control systems, based on machine learning and real-time monitoring, can help improve efficiency, detect problems early, and adjust system behavior to match energy demand or changing weather conditions. The future use of hydrogen also depends on how well it can be included in larger energy systems and how its measurement and safety are handled. In parallel, the evolution of hydrogen production technologies, particularly high-temperature electrolysis (HTE), presents opportunities for more efficient and scalable hydrogen generation. HTE uses thermal energy to reduce electrical input requirements, thereby improving overall system efficiency. Moreover, the integration of AI-driven control systems facilitates the real-time optimization of these hybrid configurations, ensuring adaptive responses to fluctuating energy demands and environmental conditions.

This Special Issue welcomes original research and review papers that present advances in the design, control, and testing of combined thermo-electro-hydrogen systems. Topics of interest include hybrid systems using thermoelectric and hydrogen components, smart control of energy supply, hydrogen storage and thermal use, fuel cells, thermoelectric generator (TEG) combinations, measurement methods for hydrogen, integration of renewables, and testing mobile or local energy systems.

By focusing on these new directions, this Special Issue aims to support the development of efficient and reliable energy systems that can contribute to sustainability and energy security.

Dr. Diana Enescu
Prof. Dr. Hai-Wen Li
Guest Editors

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