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Ocean's Role in Continental and Coastal Climate Variability and Change
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Ocean's Role in Continental and Coastal Climate Variability and Change

A special issue of Climate (ISSN 2225-1154).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2018) | Viewed by 17646

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyo Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU), Jukheongil 7, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
2. Atmospheric & Oceanic Disaster Research Institute, Dalim Apartment 209 ho, Songjungdong 940-23, Gangneung 25563, Republic of Korea
Interests: numerical modeling of air pollution; air pollutant measurement and assessment; coastal and oceanic atmospheric boundary layer modeling; physical oceanographic modeling (waves and typhoons); statistical modeling (artificial neuron network modeling, multiple regression modeling)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Milton S. Speer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: severe weather; climate variability and change; synoptic and mesoscale meteorology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ocean exchanges heat by absorbing solar radiation and releasing it into the atmosphere, moisture through evaporation and condensation of water vapor, and carbon dioxide through air–sea interactions with the atmosphere, causing a significant influence on continental and coastal climates, for both short-term and long-term periods.

This Special Issue will be focused on both short-term and long-term climate changes, involving heat transport and ocean circulation impacts on continental and coastal climates, variability of temperature ranges in continental, coastal, and ocean processes on intra- and inter-annual time scales, sea level rise and coastal erosion, biological pumps in the ocean impacting carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, severe flood and draught, El Nino, the unusual paths of tropical cyclones, as well as their development and decay in coastal and open seas. However, there are also no limitations in regards to processes applied in the above-mentioned subject areas.

Prof. Dr. Hyo Choi
Dr. Milton S. Speer
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • short-term and long-term climate changes involving heat transport and ocean circulation impact on continental and coastal climates
  • variability of temperature ranges intra- and inter-annual time scales in continent, coast and ocean
  • sea level rise and coastal erosion
  • carbon dioxide transferring through the air-sea interface
  • biological pump in the ocean impacting carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
  • severe flood and draught
  • unusual paths of tropical cyclone and their development and decay
  • El Nino

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2144 KiB  
Article
The Indian Ocean Dipole: A Missing Link between El Niño Modokiand Tropical Cyclone Intensity in the North Indian Ocean
by Kopal Arora and Prasanjit Dash
Climate 2019, 7(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7030038 - 1 Mar 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6968
Abstract
This study is set out to understand the impact of El Niño Modoki and the Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity (TCPI) in the North Indian Ocean. We also hypothesized and tested if the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) reveals a likely connection between the two [...] Read more.
This study is set out to understand the impact of El Niño Modoki and the Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity (TCPI) in the North Indian Ocean. We also hypothesized and tested if the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) reveals a likely connection between the two phenomena. An advanced mathematical tool namely the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is employed for the analysis. A major advantage of using EMD is its adaptability approach to deal with the non-linear and non-stationary signals which are similar to the signals used in this study and are also common in both atmospheric and oceanic sciences. This study has identified IOD as a likely missing link to explain the connection between El Niño Modoki and TCPI. This lays the groundwork for future research into this connection and its possible applications in meteorology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean's Role in Continental and Coastal Climate Variability and Change)
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8 pages, 2820 KiB  
Article
Dominant Modes of Upper Ocean Heat Content in the North Indian Ocean
by Meer Mohammed Ali, Neetu Singh, Manchikanti Suresh Kumar, Yangxing Zheng, Mark Bourassa, Chandra Mohan Kishtawal and Chandu Venkateswara Rao
Climate 2018, 6(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6030071 - 3 Sep 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5609
Abstract
The thermal energy needed for the development of hurricanes and monsoons as well as any prolonged marine weather event comes from layers in the upper oceans, not just from the thin layer represented by sea surface temperature alone. Ocean layers have different modes [...] Read more.
The thermal energy needed for the development of hurricanes and monsoons as well as any prolonged marine weather event comes from layers in the upper oceans, not just from the thin layer represented by sea surface temperature alone. Ocean layers have different modes of thermal energy variability because of the different time scales of ocean–atmosphere interaction. Although many previous studies have focused on the influence of upper ocean heat content (OHC) on tropical cyclones and monsoons, no study thus far—particularly in the North Indian Ocean (NIO)—has specifically concluded the types of dominant modes in different layers of the ocean. In this study, we examined the dominant modes of variability of OHC of seven layers in the NIO during 1998–2014. We conclude that the thermal variability in the top 50 m of the ocean had statistically significant semiannual and annual modes of variability, while the deeper layers had the annual mode alone. Time series of OHC for the top four layers were analyzed separately for the NIO, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. For the surface to 50 m layer, the lowest and the highest values of OHC were present in January and May every year, respectively, which was mainly caused by the solar radiation cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean's Role in Continental and Coastal Climate Variability and Change)
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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 747 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity of the Madden Julian Oscillation to Ocean Warming in a Lagrangian Atmospheric Model
by Patrick Haertel
Climate 2018, 6(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6020045 - 28 May 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4196
Abstract
The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the largest contributor to intraseasonal weather variations in the tropics. It is associated with a broad region of enhanced rainfall that moves slowly eastward over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, which has global impacts on atmospheric [...] Read more.
The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the largest contributor to intraseasonal weather variations in the tropics. It is associated with a broad region of enhanced rainfall that moves slowly eastward over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, which has global impacts on atmospheric circulations. A number of recent observational and modeling studies have suggested that the MJO is becoming stronger as the oceans warm. In this study, the author explores the sensitivity of the MJO to ocean warming in a recently developed Lagrangian Atmospheric Model (LAM), which has been shown to simulate robust and realistic MJOs in previous work. Numerical simulations suggest that ocean warming leads to more frequent and intense MJOs that propagate more rapidly and cover a larger region of the tropics. The strengthening of the MJO is attributed to enhanced surface fluxes of moisture coming from the warmer ocean waters. While the LAM simulations have a number of limitations owing to idealized physical parameterizations and the use of prescribed sea surface temperatures, they provide additional evidence that the MJO will strengthen if the oceans continue to warm, and they also shed light on the mechanism of this strengthening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean's Role in Continental and Coastal Climate Variability and Change)
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