Glucose Metabolism: Molecular Basis and Novel Therapies of Diabetic Complication

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 7170

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
2. Rektorat, Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
Interests: obesity; diabetes and cancer; cognitive dysfunction

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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
2. German Center of Diabetes Research, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
Interests: obesity; hypoglycemia; circadian rhythms
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sebastian Meyhoefer and I are delighted to invite you to contribute a manuscript for a Special Issue of Biomedicines.

The title of this issue will be Glucose Metabolism: Molecular Basis and Novel Therapies of Diabetic Complications and it will address important topics such as the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of diabetes as an underlying mechanisms for differential complications settings, the mechanistic basis for disturbed hypoglycemia awareness and cognitive defects, the causal link between diabetes and tumorigenesis or the impact on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular sequelae.

We are convinced that this issue will shed further light on our knowledge of the mechanistic basis of diabetic complications and will also improve our understanding of how to therapeutically tackle these problems, based on a personalized approach that takes the heterogeneity of diabetes into account.

We are very much looking forward to receiving your contribution,

With warm regards

Prof. Dr. Hendrik Lehnert
Prof. Dr. Sebastian M. Meyhöfer
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • diabetic complications
  • genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity
  • cognitive defects
  • hypoglycemia
  • diabetes and cancer
  • lipid metabolism
  • cardiovascular complications

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1329 KiB  
Article
Association between Diabetes and Levels of Micronutrients in Qatar—A Case–Control Study
by Nada Soliman, Ruba Almishal, Basant Elsayed, Ayaaz Ahmed, Sara Al-Amri, Aisha Al-Kuwari, Shaikha Al-Muhannadi, Muhammed Nadeer and Tawanda Chivese
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 3045; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113045 - 14 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1173
Abstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between micronutrient levels and diabetes and to explore the association in individuals with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes. Methods: A case–control study, matched on age and gender, was performed on participants with (cases) and [...] Read more.
Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between micronutrient levels and diabetes and to explore the association in individuals with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes. Methods: A case–control study, matched on age and gender, was performed on participants with (cases) and without diabetes (controls), who were Qatari or long-term residents (≥15 years of residence). Participants with diabetes were divided into those with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes using an HbA1c cutoff of 7%. Levels of micronutrients were measured from serum and categorized into normal and abnormal levels. Results: A total of 1118 participants (374 cases and 744 controls) were included with a mean age of 41.7 years (SD 9.9), of whom 53.9% were female. Of those with diabetes, 229 had controlled diabetes and 145 had uncontrolled diabetes. Compared to those without diabetes, participants with diabetes had significantly lower mean magnesium (0.80 mmol/L (SD 0.07) vs. 0.84 mmol/L (SD 0.06), respectively, p < 0.001). Lower magnesium and iron were observed in participants with uncontrolled compared to participants with controlled diabetes. After multivariable logistic regression, diabetes was associated with hypomagnesemia (OR 3.2, 95% CI 3.4–213.9) and low iron (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.15). Uncontrolled diabetes showed stronger odds of association with hypomagnesemia (OR 5.57, 95% CI 3.65–8.52). Conclusion: In an affluent setting in the MENA region, diabetes was associated with low magnesium and low iron, and this association was stronger in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. Full article
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Review

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12 pages, 567 KiB  
Review
Hypoglycemia Unawareness—A Review on Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications
by Laura Hölzen, Bernd Schultes, Sebastian M. Meyhöfer and Svenja Meyhöfer
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020391 - 8 Feb 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5644
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a particular problem in people with diabetes while it can also occur in other clinical circumstances. Hypoglycemia unawareness describes a condition in which autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycemia decrease and hence are hardly perceivable. A failure to recognize hypoglycemia in [...] Read more.
Hypoglycemia is a particular problem in people with diabetes while it can also occur in other clinical circumstances. Hypoglycemia unawareness describes a condition in which autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycemia decrease and hence are hardly perceivable. A failure to recognize hypoglycemia in time can lead to unconsciousness, seizure, and even death. The risk factors include intensive glycemic control, prior episodes of severe hypoglycemia, long duration of diabetes, alcohol consumption, exercise, renal failure, and sepsis. The pathophysiological mechanisms are manifold, but mainly concern altered brain glucose sensing, cerebral adaptations, and an impaired hormonal counterregulation with an attenuated release of glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and other hormones, as well as impaired autonomous and neuroglycopenic symptoms. Physiologically, this counterregulatory response causes blood glucose levels to rise. The impaired hormonal counterregulatory response to recurrent hypoglycemia can lead to a vicious cycle of frequent and poorly recognized hypoglycemic episodes. There is a shift in glycemic threshold to trigger hormonal counterregulation, resulting in hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure and leading to the clinical syndrome of hypoglycemia unawareness. This clinical syndrome represents a particularly great challenge in diabetes treatment and, thus, prevention of hypoglycemia is crucial in diabetes management. This mini-review provides an overview of hypoglycemia and the associated severe complication of impaired hypoglycemia awareness and its symptoms, pathophysiology, risk factors, consequences, as well as therapeutic strategies. Full article
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