Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Molecular and Translational Research

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 763

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Prosthodontics, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
Interests: cognitive function; sleep; sports; physical activity; traumatic brain injury; orofacial injury; dental sleep medicine; obstructive sleep apnea
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to publish in this Special Issue focused on the advances in obstructive sleep apnea, with a focus on translational research from molecular levels to the clinical implications.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most prevalent sleep-related breathing disorders characterized by repetitive episodes of pharyngeal collapse during sleep with associated airflow obstruction, intermittent hypoxemia, sympathetic excitation, and sleep fragmentation. OSA is recognized as a serious public health issue associated with a range of adverse cardiovascular events, such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arterial fibrillation, stroke, increased arterial stiffness, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) dysregulation, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, alterations in glucose metabolism followed by increased risk for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia, as well as the increased risk for excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired traffic safety, working ability, and quality of life. In numerous studies, associations between OSA and cardiometabolic and vascular dysregulation have been established.

The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on the association between molecular and metabolic changes, the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA, and the possibilities of incorporating such findings into daily clinical practice.

We strive to collect articles that report on original, high-quality research and welcome The manuscripts are encouraged to cover the following research areas (but are not limited to them):

  • Sleep;
  • Sleep quality;
  • Sleep-related breathing disorders: mainly focus on mechanisms;
  • Genetic and molecular bases of sleep;
  • Obstructive sleep apnea: molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms;
  • Treatment options for sleep-related breathing disorders.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Tea Galić
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sleep
  • sleep-related breathing disorders
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • metabolism
  • cardiovascular risk
  • glucose metabolism
  • inflammation mediators
  • sleep quality
  • quality of life

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 434 KiB  
Article
A Clinical Comparative Study of Schnider and Eleveld Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models for Propofol Target-Controlled Infusion Sedation in Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy
by Narcis-Valentin Tănase, Răzvan Hainăroșie, Lăcrămioara-Aurelia Brîndușe, Dan Corneci, Catalina Voiosu, Andreea Rusescu, Cristian Cobilinschi, Camelia Stanciu Găvan and Viorel Zainea
Biomedicines 2025, 13(4), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13040822 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 514
Abstract
Background: Optimizing sedative techniques for drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) enhances accuracy and reproducibility in tailoring treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Schnider and Eleveld pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models, which predict propofol concentration in effect-site compartment based on patient-specific parameters, were utilized to guide [...] Read more.
Background: Optimizing sedative techniques for drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) enhances accuracy and reproducibility in tailoring treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Schnider and Eleveld pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models, which predict propofol concentration in effect-site compartment based on patient-specific parameters, were utilized to guide intravenous sedation in this study. We compared the effectiveness of propofol sedation guided by the novel general-purpose Eleveld model versus the Schnider model using target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems. Methods: We investigated twenty-five adult OSA patients, randomized into two groups: the Schnider model group (n = 12) and the Eleveld model group (n = 13). DISE was conducted following standardized protocols, targeting effect-site concentration TCI mode. Data concerning sedation levels, effect-site concentration of propofol, procedural timing, propofol dosages, respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, and any procedural incidents were collected. Results: DISE was performed successfully in all enrolled patients from both groups. A significant difference was observed in the effect-site concentration of propofol (CeP) at the moment of endoscopy between the Eleveld and Schnider groups (2.1 ± 0.4 µg/mL vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 µg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). The E group also demonstrated a shorter time to attain the optimal sedation plane compared to the S group (6.1 ± 1.7 vs. 9.8 ± 2.2 min, respectively; p < 0.001) and a reduced total procedural time (11.2 ± 1.4 vs. 15.0 ± 2.1 min, respectively; p < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was comparable between groups. Conclusions: The Eleveld model demonstrated a shorter time to achieve the optimal sedation plane, a shorter total procedural time, and a significant difference in effect-site concentration at the time of endoscopy compared to the Schnider model. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the two groups, suggesting that the Eleveld model may offer improved efficiency without compromising safety during DISE. Full article
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