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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Ischemic Heart Diseases
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Recent Advances in Ischemic Heart Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 3963

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vinay Kumar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: cardiovascular disease; myocardial infarction; immunotherapy; cardiovascular immunology; drug discovery; molecular biology; genetic engineering
Dr. Surendra Kumar Shukla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oncology Science, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Centre, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
Interests: drug discovery; molecular biology; novel therapeutic strategies; human diseases; pancreatic cancer; liver cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ischemic heart failure is characterized by a precipitous drop in myocardial perfusion followed by the loss of significant numbers of cardiomyocytes. Ischemic heart disease typically leads to heart failure, which can exacerbate impaired quality of life, socioeconomic burden and is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial necrosis, myocardial shock, and mechanical problems such ventricular septal defect, papillary muscle rupture, and ventricular free wall rupture all underwrite to the pathophysiology of ischemic heart failure development at the time of the myocardial infarction hospitalization. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte structural abnormalities and oedema emerge within 30 minutes of ischaemia, leading to progressive myocyte death after 3 hours of ischaemia. In addition, the inflammatory response to myocyte death and the formation of reactive oxygen species during reperfusion, both have a role in the progression of ischemic heart failure. However, there is a lack of precise, economical, and accurate management of disease and a demand to put attention on methods for predicting and prognosticating ischemic heart failure that integrates clinical risk factors, genetics, biomarkers, and imaging methods is indispensable. In order to limit the risk of future left ventricular remodeling, morbidity, and mortality, there is an utmost need for a more accurate identification and/or novel treatment strategies for individuals at risk of developing ischemic heart failure and this prompt beginning of guideline-directed ischemic heart failure therapies that can lower the risk of further left ventricular remodeling. Henceforth, substantial advances are desirable to control the risk factors, and search for new therapies, drug development, rapid improvement in immunotherapy technology, emergence of new clinical trials and interventions including bypass surgery and stent placement. Additionally, the field of stem cell therapy for ischemic heart failure has been seen as a rapidly evolving and wide spreading area of research in recent years. In addition, a skilled workforce is necessary for the development and implementation of these treatments whereas novel strategies and methods for engineering more potent molecular techniques with enhanced efficacy and reduced expense are essential.

We kindly invite all scholars to submit original research articles, reviews, or shorter viewpoints on any issue pertinent to ischemic heart failure studies for this special Issue. The theme focuses on unique molecular and cellular roles of cardiac health management, development of novel techniques, advances in the current clinical scenario, and newly developing strategies on a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Articles addressing the functional characterization of innovative rational drug combinations involving immune cells and/or stem cells are especially encouraged.

Dr. Vinay Kumar
Dr. Surendra Kumar Shukla
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ischemic heart failure
  • myocardial infarction
  • left ventricular remodeling
  • stem cell therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • drug development
  • molecular strategies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3450 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Optimization of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Microspheres Loaded with S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine for Nitric Oxide Delivery
by Syed Baseeruddin Alvi, Nooruddin Pracha, Mahmoud Shalaan, Pankaj Singh Dholaniya, Muhamad Mergaye, Divya Sridharan and Mahmood Khan
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1363; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061363 - 19 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and throughout the world. While there are different techniques for reducing or preventing the impact of heart disease, nitric oxide (NO) is administered as nitroglycerin for reversing angina or [...] Read more.
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and throughout the world. While there are different techniques for reducing or preventing the impact of heart disease, nitric oxide (NO) is administered as nitroglycerin for reversing angina or chest pain. Unfortunately, due to its gaseous and short-lived half-life, NO can be difficult to study or even administer. Therefore, controlled delivery of NO is desirable for therapeutic use. In the current study, the goal was to fabricate NO-releasing microspheres (MSs) using a donor molecule, S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl penicillamine, (SNAP), and encapsulating it in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) using a single-emulsion technique that can provide sustained delivery of NO to cells over time without posing any toxicity risks. Optimization of the fabrication process was performed by varying the duration of homogenization (5, 10, and 20 min) and its effect on entrapment efficiency and size. The optimized SNAP-MS had an entrapment efficiency of ˃50%. Furthermore, we developed a modified method for NO detection by using NO microsensors to detect the NO release from SNAP-MSs in real time, showing sustained release behavior. The fabricated SNAP-MSs were tested for biocompatibility with HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), which were found to be biocompatible. Lastly, we tested the effect of controlled NO delivery to human induced pluripotent stem-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) via SNAP-MSs, which showed a significant improvement in the electrophysiological parameters and alleviated anoxic stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ischemic Heart Diseases)
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20 pages, 1727 KiB  
Article
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Age of New Heart Failure Therapies: Still a Powerful Tool?
by Pedro Garcia Brás, António Valentim Gonçalves, João Ferreira Reis, Rita Ilhão Moreira, Tiago Pereira-da-Silva, Pedro Rio, Ana Teresa Timóteo, Sofia Silva, Rui M. Soares and Rui Cruz Ferreira
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2208; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082208 - 6 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Background: New therapies with prognostic benefits have been recently introduced in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic power of current listing criteria for heart transplantation (HT) in an HFrEF cohort submitted [...] Read more.
Background: New therapies with prognostic benefits have been recently introduced in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic power of current listing criteria for heart transplantation (HT) in an HFrEF cohort submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) between 2009 and 2014 (group A) and between 2015 and 2018 (group B). Methods: Consecutive patients with HFrEF who underwent CPET were followed-up for cardiac death and urgent HT. Results: CPET was performed in 487 patients. The composite endpoint occurred in 19.4% of group A vs. 7.4% of group B in a 36-month follow-up. Peak VO2 (pVO2) and VE/VCO2 slope were the strongest independent predictors of mortality. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) thresholds of pVO2 ≤ 12 mL/kg/min (≤14 if intolerant to β-blockers) and VE/VCO2 slope > 35 presented a similar and lower Youden index, respectively, in group B compared to group A, and a lower positive predictive value. pVO2 ≤ 10 mL/kg/min and VE/VCO2 slope > 40 outperformed the traditional cut-offs. An ischemic etiology subanalysis showed similar results. Conclusion: ISHLT thresholds showed a lower overall prognostic effectiveness in a contemporary HFrEF population. Novel parameters may be needed to improve risk stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ischemic Heart Diseases)
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10 pages, 3158 KiB  
Article
Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection into Healed Myocardial Infarction Scar Border Zone on the Risk of Ventricular Tachycardia
by Eun-Hye Park, Jin-Moo Kim, EunHwa Seong, Eunmi Lee, Kiyuk Chang and Young Choi
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2141; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082141 - 29 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 937
Abstract
The scar border zone is a main source of reentry responsible for ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT). We evaluated the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection into the scar border zone on arrhythmic risks in a post-myocardial infarction (MI) animal model. Rabbit MI [...] Read more.
The scar border zone is a main source of reentry responsible for ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT). We evaluated the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection into the scar border zone on arrhythmic risks in a post-myocardial infarction (MI) animal model. Rabbit MI models were generated by left descending coronary artery ligation. Surviving rabbits after 4 weeks underwent left thoracotomy and autologous MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered to scar border zones in two rabbits in each group. Another rabbit without MI underwent a sham procedure (control). An implantable loop recorder (ILR) was implanted in the left chest wall in all animals. Four weeks after cell injections, ventricular fibrillation was induced in 1/2 rabbit in the PBS group by electrophysiologic study, and no ventricular arrhythmia was induced in the MSC group or control. Spontaneous VT was not detected during ILR analysis in any animal for 4 weeks. Histologic examination showed restoration of connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in the MSC group, which was higher than in the PBS group and comparable to the control. In conclusion, MSC injections into the MI scar border zone did not increase the risk of VT and were associated with favorable Cx43 expression and arrangement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ischemic Heart Diseases)
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Review

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22 pages, 594 KiB  
Review
The Association between Coagulation and Atrial Fibrillation
by Saira Rafaqat, Sanja Gluscevic, Dimitrios Patoulias, Saima Sharif and Aleksandra Klisic
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020274 - 25 Jan 2024
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Abstract
The existing literature highlights the presence of numerous coagulation factors and markers. Elevated levels of coagulation factors are associated with both existing and newly diagnosed cases of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this article summarizes the role of coagulation in the pathogenesis of AF, [...] Read more.
The existing literature highlights the presence of numerous coagulation factors and markers. Elevated levels of coagulation factors are associated with both existing and newly diagnosed cases of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this article summarizes the role of coagulation in the pathogenesis of AF, which includes fibrinogen and fibrin, prothrombin, thrombomodulin, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, von Willebrand factor, P-selectin, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and platelet activation. Coagulation irregularities play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Ischemic Heart Diseases)
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