PPARs in Health and Disease, 2nd Edition

Dear Colleagues,

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a nuclear receptor superfamily, acting as ligand-activated transcription factors that exert specific pleiotropic responses. The three known isoforms, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, have, among other things, determinant roles in energy homeostasis, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Upon binding with hormones, lipids, or other ligands, PPARs act by forming heterodimers with retinoic X receptors and, in cooperation with co-repressors or co-activators, regulate several target genes. They are involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders and are pharmaceutical targets for their treatment. Specifically, PPARα and PPARγ agonists are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. It also appears that the activation of PPARs affects carcinogenesis because it can be involved in the complex regulation of cancer cell type-specific proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In the last decade, intensive research has focused on the potential role of PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ specific agonists in improving brain cell metabolism and cognitive function in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. PPARs also regulate morphogenesis and the inflammatory response. This Special Issue of Biomedicines includes the most recent advances in the regulation and function of PPARs and provides well-grounded views on therapeutic perspectives for the use of PPAR agonists or antagonists in various disease states, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.

Prof. Dr. Maria Konstandi
Guest Editor

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