Transplantation Immunology: Mechanism, Challenges, and Innovations

Dear Colleagues,

Transplantation has become a life-saving therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure and severe tissue loss. However, long-term graft survival remains limited due to complex immunological barriers, including ischemia–reperfusion injury, innate immune activation, alloimmune recognition, antibody-mediated injury, and chronic rejection. Recent advances in transplantation immunology have significantly improved our understanding of these processes. In particular, insights into innate immune heterogeneity, adaptive immune regulation, and immunometabolic pathways have revealed complex networks governing graft injury and tolerance. Meanwhile, emerging technologies such as single-cell multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics, and advanced immune monitoring are facilitating deeper characterization of the transplant immune microenvironment and accelerating the development of more precise immunomodulatory strategies.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Transplantation Immunology: Mechanism, Challenges, and Innovations”. This collection aims to highlight recent advances in the mechanisms and therapeutic modulation of immune responses in transplantation. By integrating perspectives from immunology, transplantation biology, and translational medicine, we seek to promote innovative strategies that improve immune tolerance and long-term transplant outcomes.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

• Mechanisms of allograft rejection and immune tolerance;
• Innate and adaptive immune responses in alloimmunity;
• Immunometabolism in transplantation;
• Antibody-mediated rejection and complement activation;
• Biomarkers and molecular diagnostics for immune monitoring;
• Single-cell and spatial multi-omics in transplantation;
• Cell-based immunotherapies (e.g., Tregs, regulatory macrophages, CAR-Tregs, and CAR-NK);
• Precision immunosuppression strategies;
• Emerging technologies for graft conditioning and immune modulation;
• Translational approaches bridging experimental and clinical transplantation.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Hui-Yun Cheng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

• transplantation immunology
• allograft rejection
• immune tolerance
• macrophage heterogeneity
• ischemia–reperfusion injury
• biomarkers of rejection
• ex vivo machine perfusion
• cell-based immunotherapy
• precision immunosuppression