Neuroendocrine Neoplasia and Endocrine Tumors: Pathogenic Features, Prognostic Markers and New Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 1587

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
2. Department of Endocrinology, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: thyroid; adrenal; pituitary; osteoporosis; neuroendocrine tumors; bone; fracture; gynecological endocrinology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The complex domain of neuroendocrine neoplasia, including endocrine tumors with neuroendocrine components, represents one of the most dynamic multidisciplinary topics that are studied today. Great progress has recently been made with new prognostic markers and therapies that are proving their utility in different applications, from clinical presentation to personalized therapeutic approaches. A stratified perspective includes a large panel of conditions underlying neuroendocrine traits that vary from very rare entities to more frequent pathologies, such as gastro-pancreatic-intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms, depending on the tumors’ sites and profiles in both pediatric and adult populations. In addition, early prognostic markers might be useful for prompt diagnoses in subjects with hereditary conditions or patients harboring pathogenic variants of different genes.

Dr. Mara Carsote
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neuroendocrine tumors
  • endocrine tumors
  • somatostatin analogues
  • carcinoid syndrome
  • PRRT
  • mTOR inhibitor
  • lymph node
  • neuroendocrine marker
  • hormone
  • ki67

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

34 pages, 752 KiB  
Review
Diabetes Mellitus in Non-Functioning Adrenal Incidentalomas: Analysis of the Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) Impact on Glucose Profile
by Alexandra-Ioana Trandafir, Adina Ghemigian, Mihai-Lucian Ciobica, Claudiu Nistor, Maria-Magdalena Gurzun, Tiberiu Vasile Ioan Nistor, Eugenia Petrova and Mara Carsote
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071606 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1168
Abstract
Non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAIs) have been placed in relationship with a higher risk of glucose profile anomalies, while the full-blown typical picture of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) and associated secondary (glucocorticoid-induced) diabetes mellitus is not explicitly confirmed in this instance. Our objective was to [...] Read more.
Non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAIs) have been placed in relationship with a higher risk of glucose profile anomalies, while the full-blown typical picture of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) and associated secondary (glucocorticoid-induced) diabetes mellitus is not explicitly confirmed in this instance. Our objective was to highlight the most recent data concerning the glucose profile, particularly, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in NFAIs with/without mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS). This was a comprehensive review of the literature; the search was conducted according to various combinations of key terms. We included English-published, original studies across a 5-year window of publication time (from January 2020 until 1 April 2024) on PubMed. We excluded case reports, reviews, studies on T1DM or secondary diabetes, and experimental data. We identified 37 studies of various designs (14 retrospective studies as well 13 cross-sectional, 4 cohorts, 3 prospective, and 2 case–control studies) that analysed 17,391 individuals, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.47 (aged between 14 and 96 years). T2DM prevalence in MACS (affecting 10 to 30% of NFAIs) ranged from 12% to 44%. The highest T2DM prevalence in NFAI was 45.2% in one study. MACS versus (non-MACS) NFAIs (n = 16) showed an increased risk of T2DM and even of prediabetes or higher fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c (no unanimous results). T2DM prevalence was analysed in NFAI (N = 1243, female-to-male ratio of 1.11, mean age of 60.42) versus (non-tumour) controls (N = 1548, female-to-male ratio of 0.91, average age of 60.22) amid four studies, and two of them were confirmatory with respect to a higher rate in NFAIs. Four studies included a sub-group of CS compared to NFAI/MACS, and two of them did not confirm an increased rate of glucose profile anomalies in CS versus NFAIs/ACS. The longest period of follow-up with concern to the glycaemic profile was 10.5 years, and one cohort showed a significant increase in the T2DM rate at 17.9% compared to the baseline value of 0.03%. Additionally, inconsistent data from six studies enrolling 1039 individuals that underwent adrenalectomy (N = 674) and conservative management (N = 365) pinpointed the impact of the surgery in NFAIs. The regulation of the glucose metabolism after adrenalectomy versus baseline versus conservative management (n = 3) was improved. To our knowledge, this comprehensive review included one of the largest recent analyses in the field of glucose profile amid the confirmation of MACS/NFAI. In light of the rising incidence of NFAI/AIs due to easier access to imagery scans and endocrine evaluation across the spectrum of modern medicine, it is critical to assess if these patients have an increased frequency of cardio-metabolic disorders that worsen their overall comorbidity and mortality profile, including via the confirmation of T2DM. Full article
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