Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Immune Responses

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 11995

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
Interests: immunology; immunometabolism; T cell function; ER stress; transcriptional regulation of cytokines

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important intracellular organelle for protein synthesis, protein folding, protein modification, lipid synthesis, and calcium storage. Impaired ER function causes ER stress due to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. Mammalian cells express three sensor proteins on the ER membrane: IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, which induce three distinct downstream signaling pathways in response to ER stress. These transducers restore ER homeostasis by triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) that regulates transcriptional and translational programs to reduce ER stress. There has been extensive research in the field of ER stress over the past few decades. Although many studies have reported that ER stress modulates immune responses, the mechanisms by which the UPR signaling pathway regulates ER stress remain unclear. Moreover, research on how ER stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of immune disorders is expected to lead to the development of new immunotherapies targeting the UPR pathway. This Special Issue aims to present aspects of ER stress and the UPR in immune responses, including differentiation, maturation, cell–cell interaction, and cytokine expression in immune cells. We invite authors to submit original research papers and review articles on any aspect of the role of ER stress and UPR signaling in immune responses.

Dr. Jae-Seon So
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ER stress
  • unfolded protein response
  • IRE1
  • PERK
  • ATF6
  • XBP1s
  • ATF4
  • immune responses

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

26 pages, 3224 KiB  
Review
Roles of XBP1s in Transcriptional Regulation of Target Genes
by Sung-Min Park, Tae-Il Kang and Jae-Seon So
Biomedicines 2021, 9(7), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070791 - 8 Jul 2021
Cited by 88 | Viewed by 11350
Abstract
The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an active transcription factor that plays a vital role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unspliced Xbp1 mRNA is cleaved by the activated stress sensor IRE1α and converted [...] Read more.
The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an active transcription factor that plays a vital role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unspliced Xbp1 mRNA is cleaved by the activated stress sensor IRE1α and converted to the mature form encoding spliced XBP1 (XBP1s). Translated XBP1s migrates to the nucleus and regulates the transcriptional programs of UPR target genes encoding ER molecular chaperones, folding enzymes, and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) components to decrease ER stress. Moreover, studies have shown that XBP1s regulates the transcription of diverse genes that are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and immune responses. Therefore, XBP1s has been considered an important therapeutic target in studying various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. XBP1s is involved in several unique mechanisms to regulate the transcription of different target genes by interacting with other proteins to modulate their activity. Although recent studies discovered numerous target genes of XBP1s via genome-wide analyses, how XBP1s regulates their transcription remains unclear. This review discusses the roles of XBP1s in target genes transcriptional regulation. More in-depth knowledge of XBP1s target genes and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the future will help develop new therapeutic targets for each disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Immune Responses)
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