Endocrine Disorders: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 2915

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Interests: neuroendocrine tumors; metabolic impairment and diabetes; immune checkpoint; endocrinopathies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Endocrine disorders result from dysfunction of the endocrine system. The endocrine system includes the glands that secrete hormones, the receptors that respond to hormones, and the organs directly affected by hormones. Dysfunction may occur at any point and affect the body's metabolic process, growth and development, reproductive aging, and many other physiological activities. Endocrine disorders are complex chronic diseases. More and more people are suffering from them. However, the current therapeutic options and effects are all limited and often accompanied by adverse reactions.

This Special Issue will cover all research on the molecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of all endocrine disorders, cellular and animal disease models, new drugs, and cell and gene therapy options.

Dr. Esther Osher
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • endocrine disorders
  • diabetes , metabolic syndrome
  • hypothyroidism
  • polycystic ovary syndrome
  • acne

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1563 KiB  
Article
Bone Turnover Markers during Growth Hormone Therapy for Short Stature Children Born Small for Gestational Age
by Alicja Korpysz, Maciej Jaworski, Ewa Skorupa, Mieczysław Szalecki, Mieczysław Walczak and Elżbieta Petriczko
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1919; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081919 - 21 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Growth hormone therapy (GHT) can improve growth velocity and final height, but can also accelerate the process of bone growth, which is related to structural bone modeling in both formation and resorption. This study evaluated the capacity of bone turnover markers to predict [...] Read more.
Growth hormone therapy (GHT) can improve growth velocity and final height, but can also accelerate the process of bone growth, which is related to structural bone modeling in both formation and resorption. This study evaluated the capacity of bone turnover markers to predict early growth response to one year of GHT in short stature children born small for gestational age (SGA). This study included 25 prepubertal children born SGA. We estimated P1NP (N-terminal procollagen type 1), CTX (C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type 1), P3NP (N-terminal procollagen type 3), NT-pro-CNP (amino-terminal C-type natriuretic peptide) and Ca-P metabolism using standard ECLIA (electrochemiluminescence), RIA (radioimmunoassay), and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) methods. A statistically significant increase in bone resorption markers (CTX) was found at both 6 and 12 months. P1NP bone markers were increased at 6 months and after 12 months of therapy. The P3NP marker for collagen synthesis also increased after 12 months of therapy. We obtained significant increases in phosphorus levels at 6 and 12 months, and similar ALP (alkaline phosphatase) increases. We found a significant correlation between height (cm) and CTX after 6–12 months, as well as a P1NP/height (SD) correlation after 12 months. Calcium levels significantly correlated with height (SD) after 12 months. We found strong reactions of bone resorption and bone formation markers during growth hormone therapy, which may determine their selection as predictors of GHT outcome in children born SGA. However, the issue requires further research. Full article
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9 pages, 247 KiB  
Article
Deficient or Normal Growth Hormone Secretion in Polish Children with Short Stature: Searching for Clinical Differences
by Katarzyna Anna Majewska, Magdalena Tchorzewska-Skrobich, Paulina Wais, Dominik Majewski, Monika Naskręcka and Andrzej Kędzia
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081673 - 26 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Short stature affects approximately 2.5% of children. Some of them, when diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), benefit from recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy; in others, this treatment is controversial. We aimed to present the clinical characteristics of Polish short stature children [...] Read more.
Short stature affects approximately 2.5% of children. Some of them, when diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), benefit from recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy; in others, this treatment is controversial. We aimed to present the clinical characteristics of Polish short stature children in the context of current GHD diagnostic standards, as obtaining more data gives a broader foundation for the potential modifications of diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. This retrospective analysis was based on a cohort of 277 short stature children divided into two subgroups depending on their peak growth hormone (GH) cutoff level, set at 10 ng/mL: 138 had growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 137 had normal growth hormone secretion (GHN). These subgroups were then compared based on the extracted clinical data. In the obtained result, no significant differences between the GHD and GHN subgroups were found in any of the variables, including the following: gender distribution, birth weight, bone age delay, height SDS, IGF-1 SDS, vitamin D levels, celiac disease indices, prevalence of hypothyroidism or anemia. As our results point to major clinical similarities between the GHD and GHN children, it seems that distinguishing patients with normal GH secretion from those with deficient GH secretion based on a 10 ng/mL cutoff value might not be clinically relevant. Full article
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