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Biomedicines
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Neurovascular Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies
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Neurovascular Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 5479

Editor

Dr. Deepti Diwan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Interests: cancer; stroke; epigenetics; molecular microbiology; genomics; nanobiotechnology; neurology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development and functionality of blood vessels play a pivotal role in various stages of growth, tissue repair, and disease progression. Diverse cell populations within the tissue microenvironment interact to facilitate the formation of blood vessels, ensuring tissue growth and homeostasis. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that the interplay between the nervous system and blood vessels holds a greater significance in understanding neurological diseases than previously acknowledged. Moreover, strategies focused on this neurovascular interplay present promising therapeutic opportunities for neurodegenerative disorders.

This Special Issue compiles reviews and recent research on neurovascular interactions in diverse pathological conditions. The novel findings are envisaged to advance our comprehension of the role of neurovascular dysfunction in various neurological conditions. Furthermore, future research is paramount in elucidating the clinical relevance and translational perspectives concerning the mechanisms underlying neurovascular dysfunction following an acute brain injury or neurological disorders, leveraging the potential of emerging high-end and rapidly evolving technologies.

Dr. Deepti Diwan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurovascular
  • blood vessels
  • nervous system
  • neurological diseases

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3434 KB  
Article
High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders: An Original Cause for Neurovascular Uncoupling Through the Imbalance of Glutamatergic Pathways
by Manon Haas, Maud Petrault, Patrick Gele, Thavarak Ouk, Vincent Berezowski, Olivier Petrault and Michèle Bastide
Biomedicines 2025, 13(7), 1712; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071712 - 14 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 997
Abstract
Backgrounds/Objective: The impact of metabolic disturbances induced by an unbalanced diet on cognitive decline in mid-life is now widely observed, although the mechanisms are not well identified. Here we report that glutamatergic vasoactive pathways are a key feature of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced neurogliovascular uncoupling [...] Read more.
Backgrounds/Objective: The impact of metabolic disturbances induced by an unbalanced diet on cognitive decline in mid-life is now widely observed, although the mechanisms are not well identified. Here we report that glutamatergic vasoactive pathways are a key feature of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced neurogliovascular uncoupling in mice. Methods: C57Bl6/J mice are fed either with normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) during 6 or 12 months and characterized for metabolic status. Cerebral vascular tree from pial to intraparenchymal arteries, is investigated with Halpern’s arteriography and with differential interference contrast infrared imaging of brain slices. Results: A 70% alteration in the myogenic tone of the basilar artery is observed as early as 6 months (M6) after the HFD. Infrared imaging revealed a 77% reduction in the glutamate-induced vasodilation of intraparenchymal arterioles appearing after 12 months (M12) of the HFD. The respective contributions of enzymes involved in glutamatergic pathways were altered as a function of HFD and time. The decrease in astrocytic COX I observed at M6 was followed by a loss of neuronal COX II and a compensatory action of NOS at M12. Conclusions: This HFD-induced neurogliovascular uncoupling pathway offers therapeutic targets to consider for improving cerebral vasoactive functions while preventing peripheral metabolic disturbances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurovascular Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies)
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Review

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27 pages, 709 KB  
Review
Endovascular Embolization in Neurovascular Disease: Material Science, Multimodal Management, and Future Horizons
by Thomas Corrado, Wesam Andraous, Sofia Geralemou, Stephen A. Probst, Weidong Wang and Ana Costa
Biomedicines 2026, 14(7), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14071610 - 17 Jul 2026
Viewed by 429
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Endovascular embolization has matured into a sophisticated, precision-guided discipline that is central to the management of complex neurovascular pathologies. This review synthesizes contemporary treatment strategies, evaluating the advanced material characteristics of conventional inert liquid polymers, specifically non-adhesive ethylene vinyl alcohol [...] Read more.
Background & Objectives: Endovascular embolization has matured into a sophisticated, precision-guided discipline that is central to the management of complex neurovascular pathologies. This review synthesizes contemporary treatment strategies, evaluating the advanced material characteristics of conventional inert liquid polymers, specifically non-adhesive ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers and adhesive cyanoacrylates, alongside their targeted clinical applications in brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs), hypervascular intracranial tumors, and chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs). Furthermore, it examines the critical material and hemodynamic constraints that limit these agents in cerebral aneurysm repair. Methods: A comprehensive literature synthesis through 3 July 2026 was integrated with peer-reviewed clinical illustrations to evaluate both procedural mechanics and the necessity of post-procedural physiological management. Review Findings: Embolization serves a critical dual role: as a definitive curative therapy and as an essential preoperative or radiosurgical adjunct. As demonstrated by recent clinical validations, technical angiographic success must be closely coupled with vigilant neurocritical oversight to manage profound, localized hemodynamic shifts. While these conventional methods represent established clinical practice, the field is evolving away from inert mechanical occlusion toward a highly integrated approach. The convergence of stimuli-responsive “smart” hydrogels and endovascular robotics is being evaluated for potential roles in transforming these interventions into dynamic, bioactive platforms capable of modulating disease-specific mechanisms, such as Rat Sarcoma-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (RAS-MAPK) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in bAVMs or the Von Hippel-Lindau/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VHL/VEGF) axis in hypervascular tumors. This review further analyzes landmark data, including the Squid Trial For the Embolization of the Middle Meningeal Artery for Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma (STEM) trial for CSDH, providing a synthesis for translating these advanced material sciences into standardized, multidisciplinary neurointerventional care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurovascular Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies)
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Other

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10 pages, 1127 KB  
Brief Report
Significant Microvascular Abnormalities Present in Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study
by Sehreen Mumtaz, Karissa Arca, Vikas Majithia, William Cheshire, David Hodge and Florentina Berianu
Biomedicines 2025, 13(5), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051242 - 20 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3281
Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence and phenotype of capillaroscopic abnormalities in patients with autonomic nervous system dysfunction have not yet been investigated. Multiorgan involvement in dysautonomia entails abnormal vasoreactivity. We aim to correlate the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction with certain clinical manifestations, which may provide [...] Read more.
Purpose: The prevalence and phenotype of capillaroscopic abnormalities in patients with autonomic nervous system dysfunction have not yet been investigated. Multiorgan involvement in dysautonomia entails abnormal vasoreactivity. We aim to correlate the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction with certain clinical manifestations, which may provide prognostic or diagnostic information using a noninvasive technique, i.e., nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC). Methods: Patients with autonomic nervous system dysfunction were recruited from rheumatology and neurology clinics with voluntary NVC procedures from 31 January 2024 to 10 January 2024, and a comparison with normal controls was performed. Additional recorded information include demographics and diagnoses of autonomic dysfunction types by autonomic testing, including, but not limited to, the following: reflex screen, sweat test, Valsalva maneuver, nerve fiber density, electromyography (EMG), serology, and history of autoimmune diseases. NVC was performed on a total of 27 patients. This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board. Results: The autonomic dysfunction group consisted of small-fiber neuropathy (37%), orthostatic hypotension (48%), autonomic neuropathy (30%), limited autonomic neuropathy (7%), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) (7%), and connective tissue disease (7%), among other types. Patients with autonomic dysfunction had statistically significant increases in microhemorrhages, dilated capillaries, and ramifications when compared to controls. Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction was associated with statistically significant microvascular abnormalities compared to normal controls with a distinct NVC pattern. There was a statistically significant correlation between age and BMI with microvascular abnormalities. Here, we demonstrate the diagnostic potential of NVC in autonomic dysfunction and advocate for further study of capillary structures in autonomic dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurovascular Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies)
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